Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show St Olave RegD/PLU table	St James Bermondsey SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	337	11
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	88	10
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	118	1
Prison Service, &c.	2	-
Police	116	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	9	-
Other Local or County Official	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	46	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	6	-
Army Pensioner	17	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	3	-
Seaman, R.N.	5	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	2	-
Navy Pensioner	12	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	279	315
Clergymen (Established Church)	8	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	3	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	18	12
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	6
Barrister, Solicitor	4	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	71	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	16	-
Dentist	8	-
Medical Student, Assistant	5	-
Midwife	-	4
Subordinate Medical Service	2	75
Schoolmaster	48	178
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	1	3
School Service, and others connected with teaching	11	-
Author, Editor, Journalist	5	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	8	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	2	-
Civil Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	2	-
Painter (artist)	5	-
Engraver (artist)	14	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	2	-
Musician, Music Master	13	30
Art Student	1	1
Photographer	7	1
Actor	-	3
Art, Music, Theatre Service	3	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	3	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	6	1
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	303	1,524
Domestic Coachman, Groom	7	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	50	946
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	6	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	207	71
College, Club Service	6	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	2	12
Cook (not domestic)	10	4
Charwoman	1	102
Washing and Bathing Service	8	387
Hospital and Institution Service	2	2
Others engaged in Service	4	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	882	27
Merchant	3	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	27	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	10	-
Accountant	10	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	11	1
Commercial Traveller	109	1
Commercial Clerk	665	23
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	3	-
Bank Service	10	1
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	34	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	3,516	44
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	72	-
Railway Guard	39	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	22	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	419	8
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	1	-
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	10	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	66	1
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	559	3
Tramway Companies' Service	7	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	543	7
Navigation Service (on shore)	1	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	326	1
Pilot	8	-
Ship Steward, Cook	33	6
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	493	1
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	297	3
Meter, Weigher	4	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	594	7
Telegraph, Telephone Service	21	7
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	61	11
Farmer, Grazier	5	-
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	1	-
Farm Bailiff	2	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	18	2
Shepherd	1	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	1	-
Woodman	22	6
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	4	2
Gardener (not domestic)	7	1
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	67	3
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	34	3
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	26	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	2	-
Drover	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	2	-
Fisherman	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	624	187
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	25	-
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Bookbinder	107	157
Printer	428	27
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	10	2
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	50	1
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	3	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	374	25
Engine, Machine Maker	94	2
Millwright	9	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	182	3
Boiler Maker	7	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	3	2
Domestic Machinery - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Saw Maker	3	-
Pin Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	16	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	7	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	3	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	9	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	2	4
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	9	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	13	2
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Die, Seal, Coin, Medal Maker	2	1
Toy Maker, Dealer	8	5
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	4	4
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,311	35
Builder	50	-
Carpenter, Joiner	476	2
Bricklayer	226	-
Mason	53	3
Slater, Tiler	15	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	35	-
Paperhanger	10	-
Plumber	58	-
Painter, Glazier	226	-
Cabinet Maker	45	10
French Polisher	12	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	14	-
Gas Fitter	48	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	12	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	9	1
Wood Carver	5	-
Carver, Gilder	10	2
Dealer in Works of Art	4	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	1
Artificial Flower Maker	1	16
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	139	17
Coachmaker	30	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	69	1
Others	1	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	38	16
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	137	2
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	49	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	50	-
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	10	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	4	-
Sail Maker	24	2
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	79	10
Dye, Paint Manufacture	12	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	3	-
Gunpowder, Guncotton, Explosive Substance Manufacture	-	2
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	-
Chemist, Druggist	50	1
Manufacturing Chemist	10	2
Alkali Manufacture	-	5
Drysalter	3	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	39	10
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	38	10
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	1,278	239
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	69	7
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	11
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	22	6
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	10	1
Brewer	39	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	18	3
Cellarman	87	2
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	28	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	40	5
Cheesemonger, Butterman	35	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	159	-
Provision Curer, Dealer	21	12
Poulterer, Game Dealer	13	-
Fishmonger	88	7
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	59	4
Corn Miller	18	1
Baker	275	116
Confectioner, Pastrycook	48	29
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	66	11
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	21	7
Sugar Refiner	1	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	154	14
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	6	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	273	189
Woolstapler	7	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	14	4
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	8	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	5	4
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	2
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	1	1
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	6	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	2	7
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	2	8
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	45	11
Mat Maker, Seller	15	2
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	1	1
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	8	24
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	3	9
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	40	10
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	2	5
Felt Manufacture	4	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	23	5
Manchester Warehouseman	3	2
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	73	52
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	22
Trimming Maker, Dealer	2	12
Embroiderer	3	7
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	569	1,546
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	126	88
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	1	3
Tailor	86	104
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	24	780
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	36	402
Hosiery Manufacture	1	3
Hosier, Haberdasher	17	96
Glover, Glove Maker	5	10
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	226	38
Patten, Clog Maker	1	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	32	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	10	12
Accoutrement Maker	4	6
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	4
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	1,456	175
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	19	35
Manure Manufacture	4	1
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Comb Maker	5	-
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	199	75
Tanner, Fellmonger	358	3
Currier	766	17
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	41	11
Parchment, Vellum - Maker, Dealer	4	1
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	4	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	47	19
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	5	13
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	715	192
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	30	1
Oil and Colourman	58	4
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	16	-
Japanner	13	3
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	6	7
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	14	3
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	53	26
Sawyer	51	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	1
Wood Turner, Box Maker	16	2
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	279	3
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	11	-
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	12	7
Envelope Maker	2	43
Stationer, Law Stationer	113	26
Card, Pattern Card Maker	2	4
Paper Stainer	11	1
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	13	54
Ticket, Label Writer	1	6
Others	1	1
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	667	23
Coal Miner	3	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	2	-
Coal Merchant	10	4
Coalheaver	22	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	17	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	6	-
Slate Quarrier	1	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	10	-
Limeburner	3	-
Well Sinker, Borer	1	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	8	-
Paviour	4	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	3	-
Road Labourer	4	-
Railway Contractor	4	-
Platelayer	17	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	15	1
Others	3	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	32	2
Glass Manufacture	17	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	8	2
Waterworks Service	6	-
Others	-	1
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	22	2
Gold, Silver, Beater	5	-
Lapidary	1	-
Others	2	-
[Iron Manufacture]	95	-
Blacksmith	102	-
Whitesmith	10	-
Nail Manufacture	1	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	28	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	6	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
[Coppersmith]	11	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	115	2
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	4	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	10	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	32	-
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	4	1
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	10	5
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
Fancy Chain, Gilt Toy Maker	-	1
Others	5	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,521	479
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	88	44
Pawnbroker	38	1
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	21	3
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	35	8
Contractor (undefined)	3	-
General Labourer	961	6
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	178	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	90	18
Apprentice (undefined)	8	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	86	41
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	13	358
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	11	1
Town Drainage Service	2	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	7	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	2	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	-	1
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	144	1,005
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	144	1,005
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	277	9,252
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	18	5
[Blank field, or illegible]	259	9,247

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)