Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

List West Ham RegD/PLU	Stratford SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	129	5
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	45	4
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	24	1
Police	41	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	18	-
Other Local or County Official	1	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	32	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	6	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	2	-
Army Pensioner	13	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Navy Pensioner	7	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	234	261
Clergymen (Established Church)	6	-
Roman Catholic Priest	4	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	4	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	5	3
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	15
Theological Student	4	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	-
Barrister, Solicitor	7	3
Law Student	1	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	22	2
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	13	-
Dentist	6	-
Medical Student, Assistant	9	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	4	66
Schoolmaster	55	111
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	7	33
School Service, and others connected with teaching	3	2
Author, Editor, Journalist	4	-
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	4	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	1	1
Civil Engineer	6	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	7	-
Painter (artist)	5	-
Engraver (artist)	2	-
Architect	11	-
Musician, Music Master	16	20
Art Student	-	1
Photographer	15	-
Actor	3	1
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	5	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	153	1,267
Domestic Coachman, Groom	8	-
Domestic Gardener	2	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	21	954
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	2	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	97	44
College, Club Service	2	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	6	4
Cook (not domestic)	9	-
Charwoman	1	87
Washing and Bathing Service	3	178
Hospital and Institution Service	2	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	645	21
Merchant	3	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	23	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	8	-
Accountant	16	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	8	5
Commercial Traveller	79	2
Commercial Clerk	454	13
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	3	-
Banker	1	-
Bank Service	26	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	22	1
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,731	12
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	334	-
Railway Guard	77	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	16	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	524	5
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	6	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	87	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	246	1
Tramway Companies' Service	37	-
Inland Navigation Service	1	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	18	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	4	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	42	-
Ship Steward, Cook	9	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	95	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	65	2
Meter, Weigher	2	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	157	2
Telegraph, Telephone Service	11	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	66	4
Farmer, Grazier	7	-
Farm Bailiff	1	1
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	19	3
Shepherd	1	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	1	-
Woodman	5	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	3	-
Gardener (not domestic)	29	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	87	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	1	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	52	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	23	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	3	-
Drover	3	-
Gamekeeper	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Vermin Destroyer	2	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	192	22
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	16	1
Bookbinder	19	18
Printer	139	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	9	1
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	865	12
Engine, Machine Maker	182	1
Millwright	13	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	418	2
Boiler Maker	173	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	2	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	8	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	4	-
Saw Maker	4	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	22	1
Philosophical Instrument Maker	5	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	10	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	2	-
Surgical Instrument Maker	-	3
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	8	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	7	1
Type Cutter, Founder	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	2	4
Fishing Rod, Tackle, Maker, Dealer	1	-
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	3	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,525	15
Builder	55	-
Carpenter, Joiner	470	2
Bricklayer	325	1
Mason	80	-
Slater, Tiler	16	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	80	-
Paperhanger	13	-
Plumber	72	1
Painter, Glazier	257	-
Cabinet Maker	51	6
French Polisher	16	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	9	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3	-
Gas Fitter	45	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	9	1
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	5	-
Wood Carver	1	-
Carver, Gilder	7	-
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
Figure, Image - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
Artificial Flower Maker	6	3
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	394	5
Coachmaker	131	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	167	-
Wheelwright	55	-
Others	10	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	31	4
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	28	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	13	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	13	-
Sail Maker	2	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	125	27
Dye, Paint Manufacture	5	2
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	3	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	12	18
Chemist, Druggist	28	-
Manufacturing Chemist	76	7
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	25	9
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	23	9
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	2	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	798	85
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	57	8
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	5
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	27	3
Brewer	36	-
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	30	4
Cellarman	10	1
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	17	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	48	1
Cheesemonger, Butterman	24	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	118	2
Provision Curer, Dealer	10	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	-
Fishmonger	43	1
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	14	3
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	127	5
Confectioner, Pastrycook	65	31
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	51	3
Mustard, Vinegar, Spice, Pickle Maker, Dealer	1	3
Sugar Refiner	8	1
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	107	11
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	210	464
Woolstapler	1	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	1	2
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	-
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	3	4
Silk Dyer, Printer	4	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	3	31
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	-	1
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	3
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	5
Hemp, Jute, Cocoa Fibre Manufacture	62	210
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Mat Maker, Seller	9	3
Canvas, Sailcloth Manufacture	-	2
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	1	37
Weaver (undefined)	2	39
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	2	1
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	1	9
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	105	100
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	7
Trimming Maker, Dealer	3	7
Embroiderer	-	3
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	318	727
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	12	4
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	1
Tailor	81	60
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	10	536
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	8	97
Hosier, Haberdasher	15	5
Glover, Glove Maker	1	4
Button Maker, Dealer	-	2
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	153	12
Patten, Clog Maker	5	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	27	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	5	3
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	1	3
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	174	35
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	14	3
Soap Boiler, Maker	16	-
Glue, Size, Gelatine, Isinglass - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Manure Manufacture	10	-
Bone, Horn, Ivory, Tortoise-shell - Worker, Dealer	3	-
Comb Maker	1	-
Others	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	46	11
Tanner, Fellmonger	2	-
Currier	14	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	8	2
Brush, Broom, Maker	56	16
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	3
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	249	42
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	7	1
Oil and Colourman	25	4
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	6	-
Japanner	1	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	5	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Others	9	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	15	2
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	2	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	20	2
Sawyer	59	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	4	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	8	3
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	48	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Paper Manufacture	2	4
Envelope Maker	1	2
Stationer, Law Stationer	20	5
Paper Stainer	3	-
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	16
Ticket, Label Writer	2	2
Others	4	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	859	11
Coal Miner	1	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	13	1
Coalheaver	29	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	4	-
Gas Works Service	33	-
Stone Quarrier	1	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	14	1
Slate Worker, Dealer	7	-
Limeburner	2	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	28	-
Paviour	9	-
Road Contractor, Surveyor, Inspector	1	-
Road Labourer	2	-
Railway Contractor	26	-
Platelayer	79	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	103	1
Others	1	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	2	-
Glass Manufacture	4	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	5	-
Waterworks Service	4	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	19	1
[Iron Manufacture]	124	2
[Steel Manufacture]	2	-
Blacksmith	185	-
Whitesmith	6	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	20	1
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	8	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
[Coppersmith]	22	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	28	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	10	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	3	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	4	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	28	1
Metal Burnisher, Lacquerer	1	1
White Metal, Plated Ware, Manufacture. Pewterer	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	5	2
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	10	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	10	-
Others	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,898	172
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	59	38
Pawnbroker	26	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	26	8
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	33	2
Contractor (undefined)	4	-
General Labourer	1,394	8
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	184	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	91	16
Apprentice (undefined)	7	-
Factory Labourer (undefined)	53	11
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	21	89
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	15	-
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	7	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	4	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	168	365
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	168	365
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	190	7,040
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	18	6
[Blank field, or illegible]	172	7,034

Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

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This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)