Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Tonbridge RegD/PLU table	Tunbridge Wells SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	111	5
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	22	4
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	23	-
Police	38	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	11	-
Other Local or County Official	15	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	2	1
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	65	5
Army Officer (effective/retired)	39	3
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	5	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	9	1
Army Pensioner	6	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	2	-
Seaman, R.N.	1	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	3	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	368	378
Clergymen (Established Church)	38	1
Roman Catholic Priest	2	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	9	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	4	5
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	11
Theological Student	2	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	4	3
Barrister, Solicitor	27	-
Law Student	2	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	34	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	27	-
Dentist	9	-
Medical Student, Assistant	10	-
Subordinate Medical Service	3	71
Schoolmaster	60	146
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	12	96
School Service, and others connected with teaching	-	4
Author, Editor, Journalist	3	1
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	-	1
Civil Engineer	10	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	8	-
Painter (artist)	9	10
Architect	14	-
Musician, Music Master	34	18
Art Student	3	-
Photographer	25	8
Actor	1	1
Art, Music, Theatre Service	1	-
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	7	2
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	5	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	522	3,517
Domestic Coachman, Groom	131	-
Domestic Gardener	131	3
Domestic Indoor Servant	190	2,928
Inn, Hotel Servant	48	36
College, Club Service	3	3
Office Keeper (not Government)	3	1
Cook (not domestic)	3	3
Charwoman	-	79
Washing and Bathing Service	12	459
Hospital and Institution Service	1	5
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	243	20
Merchant	21	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	28	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	19	-
Accountant	9	-
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	-
Commercial Traveller	24	-
Commercial Clerk	103	20
Banker	7	-
Bank Service	17	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	2	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	12	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	479	9
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	5	-
Railway Guard	2	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	59	3
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	26	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	157	2
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	88	-
Wheel Chair Proprietor, Attendant &c.	12	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	2	-
Navigation Service (on shore)	4	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	6	-
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	8	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	106	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	2	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	853	16
Farmer, Grazier	48	2
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	17	-
Farm Bailiff	16	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	369	11
Shepherd	4	-
Agricultural Student	2	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	3	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	11	3
Gardener (not domestic)	383	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	90	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	4	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	63	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	4	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	3	-
Drover	4	-
Gamekeeper	9	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	3	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	89	10
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	13	5
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	1
Bookbinder	5	-
Printer	62	2
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	3	2
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	5	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	119	8
Engine, Machine Maker	3	1
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	3	-
Boiler Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	3	-
Steel Pen Maker	-	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	37	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	-	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	3	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	3	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	6	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	5
Apparatus for other games, Maker, Dealer	57	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,213	27
Builder	55	1
Carpenter, Joiner	318	2
Bricklayer	253	1
Mason	38	1
Plasterer, Whitewasher	79	-
Paperhanger	6	-
Plumber	90	1
Painter, Glazier	220	3
Cabinet Maker	65	16
French Polisher	7	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	13	1
Locksmith, Bellhanger	4	-
Gas Fitter	21	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	5	1
Others	1	-
Wood Carver	19	-
Carver, Gilder	16	-
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	2	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	94	1
Coachmaker	43	-
Wheelwright	24	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	27	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	1	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	31	1
Dye, Paint Manufacture	-	1
Chemist, Druggist	31	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	10	5
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	10	5
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	798	162
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	55	6
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	38	96
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	9	2
Hop - Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Maltster	1	-
Brewer	33	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	27	7
Cellarman	6	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	15	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	47	3
Butcher, Meat Salesman	118	4
Provision Curer, Dealer	1	-
Poulterer, Game Dealer	7	-
Fishmonger	22	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	23	1
Corn Miller	1	-
Baker	109	7
Confectioner, Pastrycook	18	8
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	47	14
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	215	10
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	4	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	112	91
Woolstapler	1	-
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	-	1
Silk Merchant, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	3
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	5	1
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	2	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	100	76
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	9
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	296	592
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	2	-
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	3
Tailor	140	13
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	501
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	68
Hosier, Haberdasher	9	1
Glover, Glove Maker	2	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	116	6
Patten, Clog Maker	3	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	16	-
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	8	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	20	1
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	5	-
Soap Boiler, Maker	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	10	-
Currier	4	-
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	-	1
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	87	14
Oil and Colourman	7	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	5	1
Thatcher	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	13	3
Sawyer	25	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	5	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	6	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	4	-
Paper Manufacture	3	4
Stationer, Law Stationer	11	6
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	3	-
Others	4	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	359	8
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	1	-
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	21	1
Coalheaver	15	-
Gas Works Service	23	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Limeburner	4	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	61	-
Paviour	1	-
Road Labourer	12	-
Platelayer	7	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	13	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	9	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	9	4
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	13	3
Others	1	-
[Iron Manufacture]	5	-
Blacksmith	96	-
Whitesmith	15	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	36	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	8	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	1	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	2	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	720	66
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	41	34
Pawnbroker	3	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	34	15
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	1	3
Contractor (undefined)	2	-
General Labourer	584	5
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	18	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	29	4
Apprentice (undefined)	2	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	3	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	3	4
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	24	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	20	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	202	1,444
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	202	1,444
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	131	4,064
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	5	-
[Blank field, or illegible]	126	4,064

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)