Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Carmarthen RegD/PLU table	St Peters CP/AP

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	68	7
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	20	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	8	1
Prison Service, &c.	8	2
Police	15	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	11	3
Other Local or County Official	6	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	28	-
Army Officer (effective/retired)	1	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	4	-
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	19	-
Army Pensioner	4	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	165	70
Clergymen (Established Church)	13	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	14	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	-	1
Theological Student	25	1
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	3	1
Barrister, Solicitor	9	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	23	1
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	10	-
Dentist	2	-
Medical Student, Assistant	5	-
Subordinate Medical Service	1	6
Schoolmaster	26	48
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	2	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	5	-
Civil Engineer	7	-
Mining Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	1	-
Architect	1	-
Musician, Music Master	5	6
Photographer	7	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	3	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	61	977
Domestic Coachman, Groom	12	-
Domestic Gardener	13	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	17	827
Inn, Hotel Servant	10	15
Office Keeper (not Government)	-	2
Charwoman	-	48
Washing and Bathing Service	-	79
Hospital and Institution Service	9	5
Others engaged in Service	-	1
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	112	1
Merchant	8	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	15	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	3	-
Accountant	9	-
Commercial Traveller	23	-
Commercial Clerk	34	1
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Bank Service	13	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	6	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	156	7
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	13	-
Railway Guard	6	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	4	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	58	-
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	5	2
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	5	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	12	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	3	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	27	2
Pilot	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	1	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	3	-
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	14	1
Telegraph, Telephone Service	3	2
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	132	60
Farmer, Grazier	38	15
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	22	-
Farm Bailiff	2	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	66	45
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	1	-
Gardener (not domestic)	3	-
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	50	2
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	2	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	9	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	2	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	10	-
Drover	1	-
Gamekeeper	3	-
Fisherman	23	1
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	66	5
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	3	4
Bookbinder	9	1
Printer	53	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	1	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	28	-
Engine, Machine Maker	4	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	11	-
Boiler Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	9	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	2	-
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	266	3
Builder	7	-
Carpenter, Joiner	76	-
Mason	75	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	3	-
Paperhanger	1	-
Plumber	16	-
Painter, Glazier	43	1
Cabinet Maker	41	2
French Polisher	1	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	1	-
Carver, Gilder	1	-
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	23	1
Coachmaker	7	-
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	1	-
Wheelwright	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	13	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	6	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	6	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	28	1
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Chemist, Druggist	24	1
Manufacturing Chemist	2	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	201	123
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	39	20
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	-	13
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	1	3
Maltster	4	1
Brewer	11	-
Cellarman	3	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	4	3
Milkseller, Dairyman	1	5
Cheesemonger, Butterman	-	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	52	5
Provision Curer, Dealer	3	1
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	1
Fishmonger	1	2
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Corn Miller	3	1
Baker	8	13
Confectioner, Pastrycook	2	24
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	3	9
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	59	21
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	2	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	284	45
Woollen Cloth Manufacture	171	15
Flannel Manufacture	13	2
Cotton, Calico - Printer, Dyer, Bleacher	-	1
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	1
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	6	-
Mat Maker, Seller	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	5	-
Factory Hand (textile, undefined)	4	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	84	25
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	1
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	169	296
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	2
Tailor	84	2
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	265
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	23
Hosier, Haberdasher	2	-
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	78	4
Patten, Clog Maker	2	-
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	2	-
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	16	1
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	3	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	4	-
Currier	7	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	1	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	34	4
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	3	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	1	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	3	-
Sawyer	12	-
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	1	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	1	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	12	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	1	4
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	315	39
Coal Miner	22	-
Ironstone Miner	1	-
Lead Miner	4	-
Miner, in other or undefined Minerals	11	1
[Haulier] [not in Census Report but in codebook]	3	-
Coal Merchant	6	-
Gas Works Service	5	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	1	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	5	-
Road Labourer	3	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	7	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	10	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	3
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	5	3
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	2	-
[Iron Manufacture]	24	1
Blacksmith	36	-
Nail Manufacture	2	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	24	-
Copper, Copper Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	2	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	135	31
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	2	-
Wire Maker, Worker, Weaver, Drawer	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	310	29
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	8	15
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	11	11
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	1	-
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	243	2
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	26	-
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	7	1
Factory Labourer (undefined)	12	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	-
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	5	10
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	1	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	3	10
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	191	1,110
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	191	1,110
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	15	606
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	3	4
[Blank field, or illegible]	12	602

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)