Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show Hampshire RegC table	Eastleigh RegD/PLU

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	268	9
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	1	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	160	1
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	36	5
Prison Service, &c.	1	-
Police	46	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	16	3
Other Local or County Official	5	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	3	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	940	5
Army Officer (effective/retired)	131	1
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	544	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	5	-
Army Pensioner	36	2
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	53	1
Seaman, R.N.	115	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	16	-
Navy Pensioner	40	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	303	359
Clergymen (Established Church)	24	-
Roman Catholic Priest	1	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	12	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	5	2
Theological Student	1	-
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	6	-
Barrister, Solicitor	24	-
Law Student	3	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	34	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	20	1
Dentist	4	-
Medical Student, Assistant	11	-
Midwife	-	3
Subordinate Medical Service	1	57
Schoolmaster	64	217
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	6	50
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	4
Author, Editor, Journalist	7	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	2	-
Civil Engineer	7	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	10	-
Painter (artist)	8	4
Engraver (artist)	22	-
Sculptor	2	-
Architect	6	-
Musician, Music Master	7	17
Art Student	2	4
Photographer	4	-
Actor	2	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	7	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	510	2,957
Domestic Coachman, Groom	158	1
Domestic Gardener	173	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	121	2,278
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	32	28
College, Club Service	1	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	1	-
Cook (not domestic)	6	3
Charwoman	-	66
Washing and Bathing Service	15	570
Hospital and Institution Service	2	11
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	339	4
Merchant	9	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	31	1
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	8	-
Accountant	12	1
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	1	-
Commercial Traveller	21	-
Commercial Clerk	219	2
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	3	-
Banker	2	-
Bank Service	19	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	13	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	1,320	19
Railway Engine Driver, Stoker	28	-
Railway Guard	16	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	8	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	250	3
Toll Collector, Turnpike Gate Keeper	5	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	20	1
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	77	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	129	1
Tramway Companies' Service	17	-
Bargeman, Lighterman, Waterman	6	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	6	1
Seaman (Merchant Service)	533	-
Pilot	3	-
Ship Steward, Cook	55	6
Boatman on Seas	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	76	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	6	-
Meter, Weigher	1	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	76	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	7	5
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	1,146	51
Farmer, Grazier	83	5
Farmer's, Grazier's - Son, Grandson, Brother, Nephew	15	-
Farm Bailiff	20	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	541	32
Shepherd	31	-
Land Drainage Service (not in towns)	2	-
Agricultural Machine - Proprietor, Attendant	7	-
Others engaged in, or connected with agriculture	2	-
Woodman	14	-
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	14	1
Gardener (not domestic)	417	13
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	149	1
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	61	1
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	6	-
Cattle, Sheep, Pig - Dealer, Salesman	5	-
Gamekeeper	10	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Fisherman	62	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	84	7
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	20	2
Bookbinder	6	1
Printer	42	-
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	2	3
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
Copper Plate and Steel Plate Printer	2	-
Map and Print - Colourer, Seller	6	1
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	256	3
Engine, Machine Maker	64	-
Millwright	3	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	74	-
Boiler Maker	80	-
Spinning and Weaving Machine Maker	1	-
Agricultural Machine and Implement Maker	3	1
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	-
Steel Pen Maker	1	-
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	15	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	2	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	10	1
Weighing and Measuring Apparatus Maker	1	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	1	-
Toy Maker, Dealer	-	1
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	1,195	14
Builder	78	1
Carpenter, Joiner	412	2
Bricklayer	271	-
Mason	22	-
Slater, Tiler	10	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	61	-
Paperhanger	2	-
Plumber	61	1
Painter, Glazier	172	-
Cabinet Maker	50	7
French Polisher	4	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	7	1
Gas Fitter	27	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	4	-
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	2	-
Wood Carver	2	-
Carver, Gilder	9	2
Dealer in Works of Art	1	-
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	74	2
Coachmaker	25	1
Railway Carriage, Railway Wagon, Maker	3	-
Wheelwright	23	-
Bicycle, Tricycle - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Others	2	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	20	1
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	404	6
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	277	1
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	96	3
Mast, Yard, Oar, Block Maker	8	-
Ship Rigger, Chandler, Fitter	11	-
Sail Maker	12	2
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	31	-
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Chemist, Druggist	19	-
Manufacturing Chemist	10	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	3	3
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	2	3
Tobacco Pipe, Snuff Box &c. Maker	1	-
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	750	122
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	86	18
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	1	20
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	4	3
Maltster	7	-
Brewer	50	2
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	23	5
Cellarman	11	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	9	1
Milkseller, Dairyman	88	12
Butcher, Meat Salesman	69	4
Provision Curer, Dealer	6	3
Poulterer, Game Dealer	2	1
Fishmonger	14	3
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	26	4
Corn Miller	7	1
Baker	153	11
Confectioner, Pastrycook	8	7
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	11	3
Sugar Refiner	27	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	143	24
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	5	-
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	57	49
Woolstapler	1	-
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	1	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	-	5
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	5	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	1	-
Weaver (undefined)	-	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	7	-
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	39	41
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	-	2
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	171	577
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	1	1
Straw - Hat, Bonnet, Plait Manufacture	-	1
Tailor	51	47
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	-	457
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	63
Hosier, Haberdasher	2	1
Button Maker, Dealer	-	1
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	106	5
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	11	1
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	18	-
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Tanner, Fellmonger	1	-
Currier	8	-
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	1	-
Brush, Broom, Maker	7	-
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	183	7
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	11	1
Oil and Colourman	4	1
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	3	-
Hay, Straw (not plait), Chaff, Cutter, Dealer	5	-
Thatcher	5	-
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	21	-
Sawyer	71	1
Lath, Wooden Fence, Hurdle Maker	4	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	10	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	35	-
Cork, Bark - Cutter, Worker, Dealer	2	2
Others	1	-
Paper Manufacture	1	-
Stationer, Law Stationer	7	2
Ticket, Label Writer	2	-
Others	1	-
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	635	5
Mine Service	1	-
Coal Merchant	30	1
Coalheaver	22	-
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	2	-
Gas Works Service	14	-
Clay, Sand, Gravel, Chalk, Labourer, Dealer	1	-
Well Sinker, Borer	2	-
Plaster, Cement Manufacture	3	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	180	2
Paviour	1	-
Road Labourer	5	-
Railway Contractor	3	-
Platelayer	33	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	28	-
Glass Manufacture	1	-
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	5	-
Waterworks Service	4	-
Others	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	3	-
[Iron Manufacture]	93	-
Blacksmith	131	2
Whitesmith	10	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	9	-
[Coppersmith]	12	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	15	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	18	-
Bolt, Nut, Rivet, Screw, Staple Maker	4	-
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	1,278	64
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	49	31
Pawnbroker	4	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	9	2
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	15	4
Contractor (undefined)	4	-
General Labourer	1,038	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	68	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	70	14
Apprentice (undefined)	6	3
Factory Labourer (undefined)	14	-
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	1	5
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	12	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	11	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	303	2,264
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	303	2,264
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	194	5,413
[Occupation recorded but of unknown meaning]	40	2
[Blank field, or illegible]	154	5,411

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)