Vision of Britain | 1881 Census: Ages

1881 Census of England and Wales, Tables: Ages, Condition as to Marriage, Occupations and Birthplaces of people, Table 10 : " Occupations of Males and Females in the Division and its Registration Counties".

Show St Georges PLPar/RegD/PLU table	St Margaret Westminster SubD

OCCUPATIONS.	Males. [1]	Females. [2]
1. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE GENERAL OR LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF THE COUNTRY.	441	37
Peer, M.P., Privy Councillor (not otherwise described)	43	-
Civil Service (officers and clerks)	48	13
Civil Service (messengers, &c.)	61	5
Prison Service, &c.	5	17
Police	239	-
Municipal, Parish, Union, District, Officer	19	2
Other Local or County Official	22	-
East Indian and Colonial Service	4	-
2. PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE DEFENCE OF THE COUNTRY.	1,390	2
Army Officer (effective/retired)	73	-
Soldier and Non-commissioned officer	1,280	1
Militia, Yeomanry, Volunteers	10	1
Army Pensioner	17	-
Navy Officer (effective/retired)	7	-
Seaman, R.N.	2	-
Royal Marines (officers/men)	1	-
3. PERSONS ENGAGED IN PROFESSIONAL OCCUPATIONS (WITH THEIR IMMEDIATE SUBORDINATES).	408	270
Clergymen (Established Church)	24	-
Roman Catholic Priest	3	-
Minister, Priest of other religious bodies	2	-
Missionary, Scripture Reader, Itinerant preacher	-	2
Nun, Sister of Charity	-	18
Church, chapel, cemetery - officer, servant	2	5
Barrister, Solicitor	65	-
Law Student	12	-
Law Clerk, and others connected with the law	48	-
Physician, Surgeon, General Practitioner	29	-
Dentist	2	-
Medical Student, Assistant	10	-
Subordinate Medical Service	4	102
Schoolmaster	21	35
Teacher, Professor, Lecturer	7	68
School Service, and others connected with teaching	1	6
Author, Editor, Journalist	13	4
Reporter, Short-hand Writer	3	-
Persons engaged in Scientific Pursuits	1	-
Literary, Scientific, Institution, Service, &c.	6	-
Civil Engineer	41	-
Mining Engineer	2	-
Land, House, Ship, Surveyor	3	-
Painter (artist)	17	4
Engraver (artist)	2	-
Sculptor	1	-
Architect	23	1
Musician, Music Master	36	10
Art Student	2	4
Photographer	2	2
Actor	7	8
Art, Music, Theatre Service	3	1
Performer, Showman, Exhibition, Service	8	-
Billiard, Cricket & other Games, Service	8	-
4. PERSONS ENGAGED IN DOMESTIC OFFICES OR SERVICES.	1,495	3,934
Domestic Coachman, Groom	230	1
Domestic Gardener	5	-
Domestic Indoor Servant	963	3,227
Lodge, Gate, Park Keeper (not Government)	14	-
Inn, Hotel Servant	206	74
College, Club Service	14	-
Office Keeper (not Government)	42	25
Cook (not domestic)	6	1
Charwoman	-	215
Washing and Bathing Service	11	366
Hospital and Institution Service	1	25
Others engaged in Service	3	-
5. PERSONS ENGAGED IN COMMERCIAL OCCUPATIONS.	412	23
Merchant	34	-
Broker, Agent, Factor	40	-
Auctioneer, Appraiser, Valuer, House Agent	9	-
Accountant	13	2
Salesman, Buyer (not otherwise specified)	5	-
Commercial Traveller	28	-
Commercial Clerk	236	21
Officer of Commercial Company, Guild, Society &c.	1	-
Banker	10	-
Bank Service	19	-
Bill Discounter, Bill Broker, Finance Agent	1	-
Life, House, Ship &c., Insurance Service	16	-
6. PERSONS ENGAGED IN CONVEYANCE OF MEN, GOODS, AND MESSAGES.	698	6
Railway Guard	2	-
Pointsman, Level Crossing Man	1	-
Other Railway Officials and Servants	37	1
Omnibus, Coach, Cab, Owner - Livery Stable Keeper	10	-
Cabman, Flyman, Coachman (not domestic)	188	-
Carman, Carrier, Carter, Haulier	92	1
Navigation Service (on shore)	2	-
Seaman (Merchant Service)	15	1
Ship Steward, Cook	1	-
Harbour, Dock, Wharf, Lighthouse Service	2	-
Warehouseman (not Manchester)	25	-
Messenger, Porter, Watchman (not Railway or Government)	313	-
Telegraph, Telephone Service	10	3
7. PERSONS ENGAGED IN AGRICULTURE.	40	12
Farmer, Grazier	3	-
Agricultural Labourer, Farm Servant, Cottager	6	4
Woodman	13	2
Nurseryman, Seedsman, Florist	3	3
Gardener (not domestic)	15	3
8. PERSONS ENGAGED ABOUT ANIMALS.	122	-
Horse Proprietor, Breeder, Dealer	3	-
Groom, Horse-keeper, Horse-breaker	99	-
Veterinary Surgeon, Farrier	17	-
Drover	1	-
Dog, Bird, Animal - Keeper, Dealer	1	-
Knacker, Catsmeat Dealer &c &c.	1	-
9. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN BOOKS, PRINTS, AND MAPS.	114	14
Publisher, Bookseller, Librarian	19	1
Music-Publisher, Seller, Printer	1	-
Bookbinder	14	8
Printer	65	1
Newspaper Agent, News Room Keeper	9	4
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	6	-
10. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS.	73	2
Engine, Machine Maker	14	-
Millwright	2	-
Fitter, Turner (Engine and Machine)	14	-
Tool Maker, Dealer	1	-
Cutler, Scissors Maker	1	1
Watch Maker, Clock Maker	10	-
Philosophical Instrument Maker	9	-
Electrical Apparatus Maker	3	1
Surgical Instrument Maker	1	-
Gunsmith, Gun Manufacturer	8	-
Musical Instrument Maker, Dealer	10	-
11. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN HOUSES, FURNITURE, AND DECORATIONS.	604	30
Builder	37	1
Carpenter, Joiner	122	-
Bricklayer	96	-
Mason	32	1
Slater, Tiler	1	-
Plasterer, Whitewasher	21	-
Paperhanger	5	-
Plumber	39	-
Painter, Glazier	146	-
Cabinet Maker	37	11
French Polisher	5	-
Furniture Broker, Dealer	7	-
Locksmith, Bellhanger	3	-
Gas Fitter	26	-
House and Shop Fittings - Maker, Dealer	9	4
Funeral Furniture Maker, Undertaker	2	-
Others	1	-
Wood Carver	3	-
Carver, Gilder	7	-
Dealer in Works of Art	1	2
Animal, Bird &c. Preserver, Naturalist	4	-
Artificial Flower Maker	-	11
12. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CARRIAGES AND HARNESS.	81	4
Coachmaker	50	1
Wheelwright	5	-
Saddler, Harness, Whip Maker	26	3
13. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN SHIPS AND BOATS.	3	-
Ship, Boat, Barge Builder	1	-
Shipwright, Ship Carpenter (ashore)	1	-
Sail Maker	1	-
14. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN CHEMICALS AND COMPOUNDS.	23	3
Dye, Paint Manufacture	2	-
Ink, Blacking, Colour Substance Manufacture	1	-
Fusee, Fireworks, Explosive Article Manufacture	1	1
Chemist, Druggist	13	-
Manufacturing Chemist	5	2
Drysalter	1	-
15. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TOBACCO AND PIPES.	13	3
Tobacco Manufacture, Tobacconist	13	3
16. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN FOOD AND LODGING.	464	75
Innkeeper, Hotel Keeper, Publican	60	10
Lodging, Boarding House Keeper	8	24
Coffee, Eating House, Keeper	21	7
Brewer	52	1
Beerseller, Ale, Porter, Cider Dealer	4	-
Cellarman	15	-
Wine, Spirit - Merchant, Agent	14	-
Milkseller, Dairyman	25	7
Cheesemonger, Butterman	12	1
Butcher, Meat Salesman	59	2
Provision Curer, Dealer	14	2
Poulterer, Game Dealer	6	-
Fishmonger	29	-
Corn, Flour, Seed Merchant, Dealer	7	-
Baker	50	2
Confectioner, Pastrycook	22	8
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	19	5
Sugar Refiner	2	-
Grocer. Tea, Coffee, Chocolate Maker, Dealer	41	3
Ginger Beer, Mineral Water Manufacturer, Dealer	4	3
17. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN TEXTILE FABRICS.	195	64
Cloth, Worsted, Stuff, Flannel, Blanket Dealer	3	3
Silk, Silk Goods, Manufacture	1	-
Silk Merchant, Dealer	2	-
Cotton, Cotton Goods Manufacture	-	3
Flax, Linen - Manufacturer, Dealer	3	-
Lace Manufacturer, Dealer	1	6
Rope, Twine, Cord - Maker, Dealer	2	-
Sacking, Sack, Bag - Maker, Dealer	-	2
Others working and Dealing in Hemp	-	1
Dyer, Printer, Scourer, Bleacher, Calenderer (undefined)	3	5
Carpet, Rug Manufacture	1	-
Draper, Linen Draper, Mercer	173	32
Fancy Goods (Textile) Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	6	5
Trimming Maker, Dealer	-	1
Embroiderer	-	6
18. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN DRESS.	271	696
Hatter, Hat Manufacture	2	3
Tailor	124	111
Milliner, Dressmaker, Staymaker	2	411
Shawl Manufacture	1	-
Shirt Maker, Seamstress	-	141
Hosiery Manufacture	2	-
Hosier, Haberdasher	7	3
Glover, Glove Maker	1	-
Button Maker, Dealer	1	-
Shoe, Boot - Maker, Dealer	96	10
Wig Maker, Hair Dresser	29	3
Umbrella, Parasol, Stick - Maker, Dealer	2	5
Accoutrement Maker	4	5
Old Clothes Dealer, and others	-	4
19. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES.	18	16
Tallow Chandler, Candle, Grease Manufacture	1	-
Furrier, Skinner	1	6
Currier	2	1
Leather Goods, Portmanteau, Bag, Strap &c., Maker, Dealer	7	3
Hair, Bristle - Worker, Dealer	-	1
Brush, Broom, Maker	6	1
Quill, Feather - Dresser, Dealer	1	4
20. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES.	75	27
Oil Miller, Oil Cake - Maker, Dealer	1	-
Oil and Colourman	9	-
Floor Cloth, Oil Cloth Manufacture	2	-
Japanner	1	-
India Rubber, Gutta Percha - Worker, Dealer	1	-
Waterproof Goods - Maker, Dealer	1	3
Others	1	-
Willow, Cane, Rush Worker, Dealer, Basketmaker	6	2
Timber, Wood - Merchant, Dealer	8	1
Sawyer	6	-
Wood Turner, Box Maker	2	-
Cooper, Hoop Maker, Bender	12	-
Paper Manufacture	3	5
Envelope Maker	-	6
Stationer, Law Stationer	20	5
Paper Stainer	-	3
Paper Box, Paper Bag Maker	2	2
21. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN VARIOUS MINERAL SUBSTANCES.	196	9
Coal Miner	2	-
Mine Service	1	1
Coal Merchant	6	1
Coalheaver	8	1
Coke, Charcoal, Peat - Cutter, Burner, Dealer	1	-
Gas Works Service	12	-
Stone Quarrier	2	-
Stone Cutter, Dresser, Dealer	2	-
Slate Worker, Dealer	1	-
Brick, Tile - Maker, Burner, Dealer	4	1
Paviour	3	-
Road Labourer	2	-
Railway Contractor	1	-
Platelayer	1	-
Railway Labourer, Navvy	4	-
Earthenware, China, Porcelain, Manufacture	1	-
Glass Manufacture	7	1
Earthenware, China, Glass Dealer	10	1
Waterworks Service	2	-
Goldsmith, Silversmith, Jeweller	25	-
Gold, Silver, Beater	1	-
Others	1	1
[Iron Manufacture]	8	1
Blacksmith	28	-
Whitesmith	13	-
Ironmonger. Hardware Dealer, Merchant	14	-
Other Iron and Steel Manufacture	1	-
[Coppersmith]	7	-
Tin, Tin Plate, Tin Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	10	-
Zinc, Zinc Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	5	-
Lead, Leaden Goods - Manufacturer, Worker, Dealer	1	-
Metal Refiner, Worker, Turner, Dealer	1	-
Brass, Bronze Manufacture. Brazier	10	1
Lamp, Lantern, Candlestick Maker	1	-
22. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN GENERAL OR UNSPECIFIED COMMODITIES.	475	144
General Shopkeeper, Dealer	61	37
Pawnbroker	14	-
Costermonger, Huckster, Street Seller	34	43
Manufacturer, Manager, Superintendant (undefined)	13	4
Contractor (undefined)	1	-
General Labourer	287	4
Engine Driver, Stoker, Fireman (not railway, marine or agricultural)	23	1
Artizan, Mechanic (undefined)	18	11
Apprentice (undefined)	4	2
Factory Labourer (undefined)	20	6
Machinist, Machine Worker (undefined)	-	36
23. PERSONS WORKING AND DEALING IN REFUSE MATTERS.	22	5
Town Drainage Service	1	-
Chimney Sweep, Soot Merchant	16	-
Scavenger, Crossing Sweeper	4	5
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1	-
24. PERSONS WITHOUT SPECIFIED OCCUPATIONS.	243	703
Persons returned by Property, Rank &c. and not special occupation	243	703
[UNKNOWN OCCUPATION]	157	2,943
[Blank field, or illegible]	157	2,943

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Notes:

The following notes to the table appeared in the original report.

1	This table is a very special case: The original Table 10 as published by Division in the 1881 census reports was limited to data for Registration Divisions, their component Registration Counties, and just those Urban Sanitary Districts with populations of over 50,000. Data presented here for counties and higher-level units are taken from the published reports, as usual, but we also include in A Vision of Britain through Time data for Registration Districts, sub-Districts and Civil Parishes which never appeared in the original reports. These were specially created for us by the History Data Service at the University of Essex and derive from the complete transcription of the individual-level Enumerators Book data coordinated by the Genealogical Society of Utah.
2	In creating these data, each occupation listed in the enumerators books has been assigned as far as possible to the relevant category used in the published reports, but some additional categories with labels in square brackets unavoidably appear. Unlike the published statistics for higher-level units, these specially-calculated data for districts and parishes include persons under 15 or over 65. For these and other reasons, no attempt has been made to ensure that county totals for the districts or parishes match the published county totals. The remaining notes are those that appeared below the original published table.
3	NOTE.--Persons returned as engaged in more than one occupation have been referred to the one that appeared to be of most importance; or if there was no difference in this respect, to the one first given by the person in his or her return. In some cases special rules have been followed: e.g. "Clergyman and Schoolmaster" in combination has always been referred to "Schoolmaster"; a Member of Parliament or Peer engaged in any branch of commerce or industry has always been referred to this latter, not to "Peer, M.P.".
4	The numbers returned under any heading include Labourers, Apprentices, and Assistants, as well as Masters, but not Clerks, Messengers, Errand boys, Porters, or Watchmen, for which occupations there are special headings. Civil, Military, and Naval Clerks, Law, Bank, Insurance, and Railway Clerks, and Government and Railway Porters, are, however, exceptions to this rule. Many young persons, being Apprentices or Assistants, have therefore been referred to occupations usually followed by adults. Women also, chiefly widows or orphans carrying on the business of their deceased husbands or fathers, will sometimes be found under occupations commonly followed by men only.
5	Persons returned as retired from any business have not been referred to that business. Inmates of workhouses have been referred to their trades, unless their age or infirmities showed that they were past work. But persons who might be supposed to be only temporarily separated from their usual employment, such as Prisoners, and Patients in General Hospitals, have been classed under their usual occupations.
6	In some cases, for convenience of space, the male designation, e.g. "Schoolmaster", alone is given, instead of "Schoolmaster, Schoolmistress".

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

(1) Kevin Schurer (Department of Geography, University of Cambridge). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)

(2) Matthew Woollard (UK Data Service, University of Essex). Role: editor. Restrictions on use: the data cannot be accessed, although the Vision of Britain system may present them graphically (any other use requires the contributor's permission.)