Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List Middlesex RegC	St Marylebone RegD/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	59,431
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	25
(1) Officers of National Government	5
Post Office	2
Others	3
(2) Officers of Local Government	20
Prison Officer	0
Union and Parish Officer	20
Others	0
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	1,145
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	92
(a) Religious Teachers	44
(b) Pew Opener	42
Other Church Officers	6
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	0
Law Stationer, &c.	0
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	32
Druggist	0
Midwife	24
Other Dealers in Drugs	8
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	11
In Literature	11
(5) Artists	63
Artist, Painter	58
Engaged in Fine Arts	0
Others	5
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	144
(6} Musician	51
Music-mistress	93
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	24
Actress	23
In Theatres, Exhibitions	1
(8) Teachers	777
Schoolmistress	204
Teacher of Languages	40
General Teacher	49
Governess	468
Other Teachers	16
(9) Scientific Persons	2
Scientific Person	2
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	24,717
(1) Wives	20,105
Wives (not oth. des.)	20,105
(2) Widows	2,010
Widows (not oth. des.)	2,010
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	2,585
Children and Relatives	2,585
(4) Scholars (so described)	17
Scholars (so described)	17
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	15,615
(1) In Board and Lodging	706
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	8
Innkeeper’s "Wife"	16
Publican	32
Beerseller	3
Publican’s "Wife"	197
Lodging-house Keeper	321
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	49
Coffee-house Keeper	41
Officer of Institution	31
Others	8
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	14,909
Domst. Serv. (General)	6,749
Housekeeper	721
Cook	2,374
Housemaid	2,175
Nurse	859
Laundrymaid	43
Inn Servant	123
Hospital Nurse, &c.	6
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	518
Charwoman	1,324
Others	17
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	231
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	33
In Mercantile Pursuits	33
(2) Other General Dealers	198
Pawnbroker	0
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	40
Shopkeeper	63
Shopkeeper’s "Wife"	6
Hawker and Pedlar	41
Other General Dealers	48
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	11
(1) Carriers on Railways	0
Railway Attendants	0
(2) Carriers on Roads	7
Toll Collector	0
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	3
Carrier, Carter	2
Others	2
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	0
On Canals and Rivers	0
Boat, Barge,--Woman	0
Others	0
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	0
In Sea Navigation	0
Shipowner	0
Others	0
(5) Engaged in Storage	3
Warehouse Woman	1
Others in Storage	2
(6) Messengers and Porters	1
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	0
Others	1
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	182
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	182
Land Proprietor	150
Farmer, Grazier	3
Farmer’s "Wife"	13
Farmer’s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	11
Agricultural Labourer.	4
Farm Servant (in-door)	1
Others in Agriculture	0
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	0
Gardener	0
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	3
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	3
Fisherwoman	0
Others	3
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	951
(1) In Books	75
Bookseller, Publisher	21
Bookbinder	37
Printer	3
Others in Publications	14
(2) In Musical Instrument	2
In Musical Instruments	2
(3) In Prints and Pictures	8
In Maps, Pictures	8
(4) In Carving and Figures	176
In Carving and Figures	0
Artificial Flower-maker	173
Others	3
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	13
Toy Maker, Dealer	9
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	4
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	4
Pattern Designer	0
Eng. about Medals, &c.	4
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	3
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	3
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	0
Others	0
(8) In Surgical Instruments	17
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	17
(9) In Arms	1
In manuf. of Arms	1
(10) In Machines	10
Needle Manufacture	1
Scissors-maker	0
Steel Pen Maker	0
File-maker	0
Cutler	7
Others	2
(11) In Carriages	18
Carriage-maker	18
Coachmaker	0
(12) In Harness	3
Saddler, Harness-maker	3
Whip-maker	0
(13) In Ships	0
Ship, Boat,--Builder	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	258
House Proprietor	241
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	4
Others	13
(15) In Furniture	337
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	310
Chair-maker	13
Furniture Broker	8
Others	6
(16) In Implements	0
Implement Maker	0
(17) In Chemicals	26
Dyer, Calenderer	20
Others	6
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	11,730
(1) In Wool and Worsted	39
Knitter	1
Woollen Cloth manuf.	2
Clothier	0
Worsted manufacture	0
Stuff manufacture	0
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	21
Flannel manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	13
Others	2
(2) In Silk	17
Silk manufacture	4
Ribbon manufacture	1
Fancy Goods (Silk)	0
Others	12
(3) In Cotton and Flax	148
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	1
Thread manufacture	0
Tape manuf., Dealer	1
Lace manufacture	107
Cotton manufacture	1
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	1
Muslin Embroiderer	1
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	11
Others	25
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	238
Weaver (undefined)	1
Draper, Mercer	151
Trimming-maker	4
Embroiderer	65
Others	17
(5) In Dress	11,282
Hatter, Hat manuf.	7
Straw Plait manuf.	7
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	89
Bonnet-maker	31
Cap-maker	15
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	5
Tailor	329
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	108
Button-maker	0
Milliner, Dressmaker	4,278
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	1,530
Stay-maker	231
Fancy Worker	13
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	0
Hosier, Haberdasher	31
Glover, Leather, &c.	11
Glove Knitter	0
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	308
Shoemaker's "Wife"	1,056
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	15
Laundress	3,179
Others	39
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	6
Mat Maker, Seller	1
Hemp manufacture	0
Rope, Cord,--Maker	1
Net-maker	2
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Other Workers in Hemp	2
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	866
(1) In Animal Food	548
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	316
Cheesemonger	10
Butcher	7
Butcher’s "Wife"	196
Provision Curer, Dealer	6
Poulterer, Game Dealer	4
Fishmonger	6
Others	3
(2) In Vegetable Food	208
Miller	0
Flour Dealer, Agent	0
Baker	39
Confectioner	70
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	53
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	31
Others	15
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	110
Brewer, &c.	0
Wine Merchant	1
Grocer, Tea Dealer	51
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	0
Tobacconist	47
Others	11
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	58
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	8
Tallow-chandler	4
Comb-maker	1
Others	3
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	20
Currier	0
Others	20
(3) In Hair	30
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	8
Brush, Broom,--Maker	22
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	73
(1) In Gums and Resins	10
French-polisher	3
Japanner	2
In Gums and Resins	5
Others	0
(2) In Wood	8
Wood Dealer	3
Box-maker	2
Others	3
(3) In Bark	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	16
Basket-maker	5
Others	11
(5) In Paper	39
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	1
Paper manufacture	0
Stationer (not Law)	30
Envelope-maker	4
Paper-box Maker	1
Paper-stainer	0
Other Workers in Paper	3
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	79
(1) In Mining	1
In Minerals	1
(2) In Coal	8
Coal Merchant, Dealer	6
Coal Labourer	0
Others	2
(3) In Stone, Clay	13
Brick Maker, Dealer	0
Others	13
(4) In Earthenware	19
Earthenware manuf.	1
Tobacco-pipe Maker	2
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	15
Others	1
(5) In Glass	4
Glass manufacture	2
Others	2
(6) In Salt	0
Salt Makers and Dealers	0
(7) In Water	1
Water Provider	1
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	22
In Gold, Silver, &c.	0
Goldsmith, Jeweller	21
Others	1
(9) In Copper	0
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	2
Tin manufacture	0
Others	2
(11) In Zinc	1
In Zinc	1
(12) In Lead and Antimony	0
In Lead	0
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	3
Pin manufacture	0
Lacquerer	0
Others	0
In Brass	3
(14) In Iron and Steel	5
Iron manufacture	1
Blacksmith	1
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain, Smith	0
Ironmonger	3
Screw Cutter, Maker	0
In Iron and Steel	0
Others	0
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	127
(1) General Labourers	5
Labourer	5
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	122
Shopwoman, Assistant	107
Others of indef. occupn.	15
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	2,045
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	2,045
Gentlewoman	610
Annuitant	1,435
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	258
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	244
Dependent on relatives	29
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	100
Pauper, no stated occ.	83
Lunatic, no stated occ.	0
Others	32
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	14
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
Others of Criminal Class	14
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	0
Vagrant, Beggar	0
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	1,315
Visitor, no stated occ.	495
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	820

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.