1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part II), Table 18 : " Occupations of Females aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List top level	England and Wales Dep	England Dep Wales Dep

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Females	5,752,985
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	3,720
(1) Officers of National Government	1,764
Post Office	1,685
Others	79
(2) Officers of Local Government	1,956
Prison Officer	445
Union and Parish Officer	1,480
Others	31
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	76,021
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	2,793
(a) Religious Teachers	1,437
(b) Pew Opener	747
Other Church Officers	609
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	18
Law Stationer, &c.	18
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	2,424
Druggist	361
Midwife	1,913
Other Dealers in Drugs	150
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	180
In Literature	180
(5) Artists	897
Artist, Painter	713
Engaged in Fine Arts	3
Others	181
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	3,899
(6} Musician	1,298
Music-mistress	2,594
Others	7
(7) Actors, Actresses	870
Actress	702
In Theatres, Exhibitions	168
(8) Teachers	64,900
Schoolmistress	35,412
Teacher of Languages	870
General Teacher	6,791
Governess	21,567
Other Teachers	260
(9) Scientific Persons	40
Scientific Person	40
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	3,147,430
(1) Wives	2,629,809
Wives (not oth. des.)	2,629,809
(2) Widows	269,073
Widows (not oth. des.)	269,073
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	246,854
Children and Relatives	246,854
(4) Scholars (so described)	1,694
Scholars (so described)	1,694
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	773,018
(1) In Board and Lodging	84,826
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	6,732
Innkeeper?s "Wife"	16,105
Publican	6,280
Beerseller	3,903
Publican?s "Wife"	29,690
Lodging-house Keeper	17,165
Lodg.-ho. Kpr.'s "Wife"	2,027
Coffee-house Keeper	1,316
Officer of Institution	937
Others	671
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	688,192
Domst. Serv. (General)	345,336
Housekeeper	64,940
Cook	73,354
Housemaid	66,625
Nurse	32,274
Laundrymaid	3,390
Inn Servant	9,594
Hospital Nurse, &c.	2,698
Nurse (not Domst. Servt.)	24,715
Charwoman	63,900
Others	1,366
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	27,547
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	3,345
In Mercantile Pursuits	3,345
(2) Other General Dealers	24,202
Pawnbroker	647
Gen. Dlr., Costermonger	3,065
Shopkeeper	9,727
Shopkeeper?s "Wife"	2,031
Hawker and Pedlar	7,255
Other General Dealers	1,477
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	6,219
(1) Carriers on Railways	145
Railway Attendants	145
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,360
Toll Collector	1,576
Coach, Omn. Cab, Ownr.	148
Carrier, Carter	563
Others	73
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	218
On Canals and Rivers	21
Boat, Barge,--Woman	161
Others	36
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	432
In Sea Navigation	1
Shipowner	241
Others	190
(5) Engaged in Storage	2,582
Warehouse Woman	2,550
Others in Storage	32
(6) Messengers and Porters	482
Mess., Port., Errand Girl	332
Others	150
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	318,257
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	316,588
Land Proprietor	15,550
Farmer, Grazier	22,751
Farmer?s "Wife"	163,498
Farmer?s "Dau.," "Grd.-dau.," "Str.," "Niece"	55,137
Agricultural Labourer.	33,762
Farm Servant (in-door)	25,843
Others in Agriculture	47
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	7
Others in Arboriculture	7
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	1,662
Gardener	1,606
Others in Horticulture	56
9. Persons engaged about Animals	281
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	281
Fisherwoman	131
Others	150
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	49,178
(1) In Books	4,811
Bookseller, Publisher	855
Bookbinder	3,164
Printer	259
Others in Publications	533
(2) In Musical Instrument	156
In Musical Instruments	156
(3) In Prints and Pictures	294
In Maps, Pictures	294
(4) In Carving and Figures	2,573
In Carving and Figures	3
Artificial Flower-maker	2,479
Others	91
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	1,379
Toy Maker, Dealer	1,122
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	257
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	37
Pattern Designer	3
Eng. about Medals, &c.	34
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	533
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	406
Mkr., Dlr., in Phil. Insts.	2
Others	125
(8) In Surgical Instruments	173
Surgical Instrumt. Mak.	173
(9) In Arms	423
In manuf. of Arms	423
(10) In Machines	3,947
Needle Manufacture	1,192
Scissors-maker	202
Steel Pen Maker	715
File-maker	422
Cutler	167
Others	1,249
(11) In Carriages	211
Carriage-maker	209
Coachmaker	2
(12) In Harness	861
Saddler, Harness-maker	769
Whip-maker	92
(13) In Ships	64
Ship, Boat,--Builder	64
(14) In Houses and Buildings	25,430
House Proprietor	24,550
Painter, Plumber, Glazr.	415
Others	465
(15) In Furniture	6,990
Cabinet-maker, Uphol.	5,232
Chair-maker	702
Furniture Broker	699
Others	357
(16) In Implements	91
Implement Maker	91
(17) In Chemicals	1,205
Dyer, Calenderer	710
Others	495
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	990,243
(1) In Wool and Worsted	62,460
Knitter	1,606
Woollen Cloth manuf.	30,369
Clothier	95
Worsted manufacture	26,045
Stuff manufacture	1,158
Berlin Wool,--Dlr., Wkr.	788
Flannel manufacture	288
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	845
Others	1,266
(2) In Silk	49,347
Silk manufacture	44,418
Ribbon manufacture	4,117
Fancy Goods (Silk)	196
Others	616
(3) In Cotton and Flax	189,440
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	6,606
Thread manufacture	342
Tape manuf., Dealer	519
Lace manufacture	30,837
Cotton manufacture	147,894
Fustian manufacture	1,494
Muslin manufacture	38
Muslin Embroiderer	16
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	848
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	43
Others	803
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	17,736
Weaver (undefined)	2,620
Draper, Mercer	8,849
Trimming-maker	938
Embroiderer	1,524
Others	3,805
(5) In Dress	667,099
Hatter, Hat manuf.	2,262
Straw Plait manuf.	17,468
Straw Hat, Bonnet, Mak.	11,847
Bonnet-maker	4,394
Cap-maker	3,297
Shawl manufacture	151
Furrier	1,228
Tailor	21,599
Clothes Dealer, Outfitter	1,788
Button-maker	2,179
Milliner, Dressmaker	223,419
Shirtmaker, Seamstress	65,224
Stay-maker	9,057
Fancy Worker	1,186
Hose, Stocking,--manuf.	15,552
Hosier, Haberdasher	1,777
Glover, Leather, &c.	15,649
Glove Knitter	260
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	29,047
Shoemaker's "Wife"	79,068
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	1,733
Laundress	155,669
Others	3,245
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	4,161
Mat Maker, Seller	264
Hemp manufacture	137
Rope, Cord,--Maker	1,225
Net-maker	944
Canvas Maker, Dealer	184
Sailcloth manufacture	198
Other Workers in Hemp	1,209
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	77,119
(1) In Animal Food	37,085
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	3,513
Cheesemonger	294
Butcher	2,258
Butcher?s "Wife"	25,144
Provision Curer, Dealer	3,355
Poulterer, Game Dealer	553
Fishmonger	1,850
Others	118
(2) In Vegetable Food	18,816
Miller	393
Flour Dealer, Agent	377
Baker	5,582
Confectioner	5,343
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	5,045
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	1,461
Others	615
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	21,218
Brewer, &c.	298
Wine Merchant	344
Grocer, Tea Dealer	18,327
Tobo ,Cig.,Snuff, manuf.	376
Tobacconist	1,176
Others	697
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	4,332
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	632
Tallow-chandler	157
Comb-maker	121
Others	354
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	917
Currier	228
Others	689
(3) In Hair	2,783
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	973
Brush, Broom,--Maker	1,770
Others	40
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	12,312
(1) In Gums and Resins	1,891
French-polisher	817
Japanner	685
In Gums and Resins	344
Others	45
(2) In Wood	1,845
Wood Dealer	249
Box-maker	1,057
Others	539
(3) In Bark	90
Workers, Dlrs., in Bark	90
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	951
Basket-maker	601
Others	350
(5) In Paper	7,535
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	903
Paper manufacture	3,581
Stationer (not Law)	1,431
Envelope-maker	463
Paper-box Maker	506
Paper-stainer	221
Other Workers in Paper	430
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	31,226
(1) In Mining	87
In Minerals	87
(2) In Coal	2,786
Coal Merchant, Dealer	692
Coal Labourer	1,935
Others	159
(3) In Stone, Clay	1,235
Brick Maker, Dealer	750
Others	485
(4) In Earthenware	8,256
Earthenware manuf.	6,382
Tobacco-pipe Maker	640
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	1,208
Others	26
(5) In Glass	835
Glass manufacture	747
Others	88
(6) In Salt	85
Salt Makers and Dealers	85
(7) In Water	26
Water Provider	26
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	1,602
In Gold, Silver, &c.	1
Goldsmith, Jeweller	992
Others	609
(9) In Copper	1,530
Workers, Dlrs., in Copper	1,530
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	1,808
Tin manufacture	1,559
Others	249
(11) In Zinc	3
In Zinc	3
(12) In Lead and Antimony	475
In Lead	475
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	2,322
Pin manufacture	216
Lacquerer	270
Others	1,233
In Brass	603
(14) In Iron and Steel	10,176
Iron manufacture	1,089
Blacksmith	383
Nail manufacture	6,694
Anchor, Chain, Smith	343
Ironmonger	396
Screw Cutter, Maker	871
In Iron and Steel	219
Others	181
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	8,283
(1) General Labourers	2,658
Labourer	2,658
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	5,625
Shopwoman, Assistant	3,027
Others of indef. occupn.	2,598
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	86,641
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	86,641
Gentlewoman	27,034
Annuitant	59,607
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	54,016
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	51,937
Dependent on relatives	2,943
Almsperson, no. stat. occ.	9,646
Pauper, no stated occ.	32,087
Lunatic, no stated occ.	5,966
Others	1,295
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1,528
Prisoner, no stated occ.	1,112
Others of Criminal Class	416
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	551
Vagrant, Beggar	344
Gipsy	207
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	87,142
Visitor, no stated occ.	28,396
Others of no stated occupation or condition.	58,746

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

---

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.

JISC Portsmouth Back to top

• ©2009-2017 University of Portsmouth and others
• About this site
• Expert search
• Web design by Headscape