Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List Middlesex RegC	St Pancras RegD/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	51,542
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	1,394
(1) Officers of National Government	823
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	371
Post Office	274
Inland Revenue	68
Customs	68
Government Messengers, Workmen	38
Dockyard Artificers	1
Other Govt.	3
(2) Officers of Local Government	560
Magistrate	14
Police	452
Prison Officer	19
Union and Parish Officer	50
Officer of Local Board	3
Other Local Officers	22
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	11
E. India and Col. Service	11
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	707
(1) Army	647
Army Officer	72
Army Half-pay Officer	63
Soldier	412
Chelsea Pensioner	87
Militia	6
Others	7
(2) Navy	60
Navy Officer	16
Navy Half-pay Officer	17
Seaman, R.N.	13
Royal Marine	4
Greenwich Pensioner	1
Others	9
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	4,461
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	301
Clergyman	122
Protestant Minister	61
Roman Catholic Priest	7
Other Relig. Teachers	66
Parish Clerk	6
Other Church Officers	39
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	1,361
Barrister	137
Solicitor	393
Law Student	33
Other Lawyers	5
Officers of Law Court	71
Law Clerk	648
Law Stationer	74
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	744
Physician	60
Surgeon, Apothecary	254
Medical Student, Assist.	124
Dentist	94
Druggist	201
Others	11
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	190
Author, Editor, Writer	128
Ors. eng. in Literature	62
(5) Artists	871
Artist, Painter	455
Sculptor	69
Engraver	249
Photographic Artist	81
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	17
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	427
Musician	294
Music-master	130
Others	3
(7) Actors, Actresses	110
Actor	65
In Theatres, Exhibitions	45
(8) Teachers	321
Schoolmaster	126
Teacher of Languages	94
Profes. of Mathematics	17
Teacher (General)	34
Teacher of Dancing	18
Other Teachers	32
(9) Scientific Persons	136
Civil Engineer	104
Other Scientific Persons	32
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	174
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	99
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	99
(4) Scholars (so described)	75
Scholar (so described)	75
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	1,898
(1) In Board and Lodging	689
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	22
Publican	325
Beerseller	81
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	34
Coffee-house Keeper	117
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	62
Others--Boarding, &c.	48
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	1,209
Domst. Serv. (General)	517
Coachman	106
Groom	25
Gardener	45
Inn Servant	479
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	16
Others	21
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	2,988
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	2,377
Merchant	306
Banker	14
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	103
Stock Broker, &c.	62
Ship Broker, Agent	46
Broker	52
Agent, Factor	201
Coal, Colliery Agent	5
Iron Merchant, Agent	7
Salesman	30
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	79
Accountant	144
Commercial Clerk	1,010
Commercial Traveller	274
Other Mercantile Men	44
(2) Other General Dealers	611
Pawnbroker	89
Marine-store Dealer	46
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	361
Shopkeeper	37
Hawker, Pedlar	63
Other General Dealers	15
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	5,364
(1) Carriers on Railways	1,491
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	97
Railway Official	597
Railway Servant	750
Railway Police	42
Ors. eng. in	5
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,585
Toll Collector	14
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	247
Livery Staple Keeper	19
Coachman (not domstc.)	511
Cabman, Flyman	835
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	920
Others	39
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	48
Canal and River Service	13
Bargeman, Waterman	34
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	172
Shipowner	15
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	97
Pilot	1
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	34
Wharfinger	8
Others	17
(5) Engaged in Storage	197
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	164
Others in Storage	33
(6) Messengers and Porters	871
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	829
Telegraph Service	37
Others in Messages	5
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	609
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	265
Land Proprietor	124
Farmer, Grazier	53
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	3
Farm Bailiff	2
Agricultural Labourer	26
Shepherd (out-door)	1
Farm Servant (in-door)	0
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	53
Others in Agriculture	3
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	2
Woodman	2
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	342
Gardener	319
Nurseryman	22
Others in Horticulture	1
9. Persons engaged about Animals	846
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	846
Horse Dealer	9
Horsebreaker	0
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	555
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	214
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	20
Drover	9
Pig Merchant, Dealer	1
Gamekeeper	1
Vermin Destroyer	1
Fisherman	0
Others about Animals	36
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	15,069
(1) In Books	1,336
Bookseller, Publisher	236
Bookbinder	189
Printer	821
Newspaper Agent	54
Others in Publications	36
(2) In Musical Instrument	1,550
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	1,428
Others	122
(3) In Prints and Pictures	454
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	160
Others	294
(4) In Carving and Figures	269
Wood-carver	145
Others	124
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	70
Toy Maker, Dealer	22
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	48
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	92
Pattern Designer	32
Others	60
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	297
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	176
Optician	53
Weight or Measure Mkr.	9
Others	59
(8) In Surgical Instruments	58
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	46
Others	12
(9) In Arms	59
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	50
Others	9
(10) In Machines	434
Eng. and Mach. Maker	335
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	0
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	16
File-maker	3
Saw Smith, Maker	13
Cutler	26
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	1
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	40
(11) In Carriages	708
Coachmaker	694
Others	14
(12) In Harness	217
Saddler, Harness-maker	192
Whip-maker	25
(13) In Ships	22
Shipbldr., Shipwright	10
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	1
Boat, Barge,--Builder	4
Sailmaker	4
Others	3
(14) In Houses and Buildings	7,158
House Proprietor	246
House Agent	54
Architect	157
Surveyor	74
Builder	309
Carpenter, Joiner	2,138
Bricklayer	1,115
Marble Mason	112
Mason, Pavior	382
Slater, Tiler	22
Plasterer	450
Paperhanger	110
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	1,930
Others	59
(15) In Furniture	1,997
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	1,242
Undertaker	79
Chair-maker	132
Picture-frame Maker	50
Carver, Gilder	264
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	53
Furniture Broker	99
Others	78
(16) In Implements	172
Wheelwright	162
Millwright	9
Other Implement Mkrs.	1
(17) In Chemicals	176
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	38
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	15
Dyer, Calenderer	104
Others	19
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	5,257
(1) In Wool and Worsted	99
Woolstapler	2
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	37
Clothier	16
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	4
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	25
Others	15
(2) In Silk	74
Silk manufacture	31
Silk Dyer, Printer	3
Silk Mercer	22
Ribbon manufacture	2
Others	16
(3) In Cotton and Flax	69
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	6
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	10
Cotton manufacture	16
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	2
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	8
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	27
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	810
Packer and Presser	0
Weaver (undefined)	2
Manchester Warehmn.	13
Draper, Mercer	752
Others	43
(5) In Dress	4,161
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	161
Hatter, Hat manuf.	82
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	31
Shawl manufacture	1
Furrier	13
Tailor	1,662
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	28
Button-maker	6
Hose manufacture	1
Hosier, Haberdasher	77
Glover, Leather, &c.	7
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	1,885
Patten, Clog,--Maker	9
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	21
Others providing Dress	177
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	44
Mat Maker, Seller	5
Rope, Cord,--Maker	9
Canvas Maker, Dealer	6
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Others	24
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	3,710
(1) In Animal Food	1,255
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	301
Cheesemonger	184
Butcher, Meat Salesman	544
Provision Curer, Dealer	42
Poulterer, Game Dealer	27
Fishmonger	150
Others	7
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,331
Corn Merchant, Dealer	105
Miller	12
Flour Dealer, Agent	7
Baker	702
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	166
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	288
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	15
Potato Merchant	9
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	13
Sugar Refiner	5
Others	9
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	1,124
Maltster	0
Brewer, &c.	205
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	153
Distiller, Rectifier	18
Cellarman	28
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	29
Grocer, Tea Dealer	487
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	29
Tobacconist	97
Others	78
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	493
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	113
Soap-boiler	10
Tallow-chandler	49
Comb-maker	9
Others	45
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	218
Fellmonger	1
Skinner	1
Tanner	10
Currier	98
Others	108
(3) In Hair	162
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	18
Brush, Broom,--Maker	137
Others	7
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,520
(1) In Gums and Resins	523
Oil Miller, Refiner	1
Oil and Colourman	138
French-polisher	325
Japanner	37
Others	22
(2) In Wood	604
Timber Merch., Dealer	69
Wood Dealer	48
Sawyer	196
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	0
Lath-maker	21
Turner	94
Box-maker	17
Cooper	83
Hoop Maker, Bender	4
Others	72
(3) In Bark	19
Cork Cutter, manuf.	18
Others Workers in Bark	1
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	87
Basket-maker	47
Hay and Straw Dealer	16
Thatcher	0
Others	24
(5) In Paper	287
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	18
Paper manufacture	20
Stationer (not Law)	160
Paper-stainer	24
Others Workers in Paper	65
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	3,617
(1) In Mining	33
Coal-miner	0
Copper-miner	2
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	1
Others	30
(2) In Coal	666
Coal Merchant, Dealer	130
Coalheaver, Labourer	243
Coke Burner, Dealer	3
Chimney Sweeper	73
Gas Works Service	207
Other Workers in Coal	10
(3) In Stone, Clay	463
Stone Quarrier	1
Stone Cutter, Polisher	24
Slate Quarrier	1
Limestone Quar., Burner	1
Clay Labourer	1
Brick Maker, Dealer	61
Railway Labourer	137
Platelayer	11
Excavator, Navvy	103
Road Contractor, &c.	2
Road Labourer	49
Scavenger	15
Dust Collector	13
Others	44
(4) In Earthenware	114
Earthenware manuf.	4
Tobacco-pipe Makers	49
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	57
Others	4
(5) In Glass	92
Glass manufacture	73
Other Workers in Glass	19
(6) In Salt	2
Salt manufacture	2
Other Dealers in Salt	0
(7) In Water	29
Waterworks Service	22
Others	7
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	633
Goldsmith, Jeweller	540
Plater, Plated Wareman	5
Others	88
(9) In Copper	14
Copper manufacture	2
Coppersmith	10
Others	2
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	168
Tin manufacture	5
Tinman, Tinker	33
Tinplate Worker	122
Others	8
(11) In Zinc	75
Zinc manufacture	67
Others	8
(12) In Lead and Antimony	25
Lead manufacture	2
Typefounder	12
Others	11
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	514
Brass Founder, manuf.	173
Brazier	46
Locksmith, Bellhanger	36
Gasfitter	131
Wire Maker, Drawer	7
Wire Worker, Weaver	39
Others	82
(14) In Iron and Steel	789
Iron manufacture	79
Whitesmith	124
Blacksmith	428
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	0
Boiler-maker	8
Ironmonger	130
Hardwareman, Dealer	7
Steel manufacture	1
Grinder (branch undef.)	1
Others	11
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	2,136
(1) General Labourers	1,901
Labourer	1,901
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	235
Mechanic	21
Shopman	35
Apprentice	2
Others of indef. occu.	177
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	552
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	552
Gentleman	257
Annuitant	295
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	59
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	59
Dependent on Relatives	16
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	1
Pauper, no stated occ.	8
Lunatic, no stated occ.	1
Others	33
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	0
Prisoner, no stated occ.	0
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	0
Vagrant, Beggar	0
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	688
Visitor, no stated occ.	34
Others of no stated occupation or condition	654

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.