Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show Warwickshire RegC table	Birmingham RegD/Inc/PLU

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	54,876
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	470
(1) Officers of National Government	135
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	15
Post Office	94
Inland Revenue	24
Customs	0
Government Messengers, Workmen	2
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	0
(2) Officers of Local Government	333
Magistrate	1
Police	232
Prison Officer	31
Union and Parish Officer	31
Officer of Local Board	2
Other Local Officers	36
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	2
E. India and Col. Service	2
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	184
(1) Army	161
Army Officer	7
Army Half-pay Officer	2
Soldier	35
Chelsea Pensioner	109
Militia	2
Others	6
(2) Navy	23
Navy Officer	1
Navy Half-pay Officer	1
Seaman, R.N.	3
Royal Marine	4
Greenwich Pensioner	14
Others	0
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	1,281
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	114
Clergyman	26
Protestant Minister	22
Roman Catholic Priest	12
Other Relig. Teachers	28
Parish Clerk	2
Other Church Officers	24
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	148
Barrister	4
Solicitor	28
Law Student	0
Other Lawyers	2
Officers of Law Court	16
Law Clerk	90
Law Stationer	8
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	349
Physician	17
Surgeon, Apothecary	118
Medical Student, Assist.	30
Dentist	20
Druggist	162
Others	2
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	11
Author, Editor, Writer	5
Ors. eng. in Literature	6
(5) Artists	283
Artist, Painter	68
Sculptor	8
Engraver	176
Photographic Artist	31
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	0
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	200
Musician	158
Music-master	42
Others	0
(7) Actors, Actresses	50
Actor	28
In Theatres, Exhibitions	22
(8) Teachers	108
Schoolmaster	77
Teacher of Languages	11
Profes. of Mathematics	3
Teacher (General)	6
Teacher of Dancing	8
Other Teachers	3
(9) Scientific Persons	18
Civil Engineer	17
Other Scientific Persons	1
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	77
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	69
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	69
(4) Scholars (so described)	8
Scholar (so described)	8
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	1,061
(1) In Board and Lodging	674
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	43
Publican	454
Beerseller	99
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	19
Coffee-house Keeper	39
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	4
Others--Boarding, &c.	16
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	387
Domst. Serv. (General)	110
Coachman	28
Groom	23
Gardener	15
Inn Servant	185
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	19
Others	7
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	1,876
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	1,378
Merchant	49
Banker	0
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	32
Stock Broker, &c.	1
Ship Broker, Agent	0
Broker	29
Agent, Factor	147
Coal, Colliery Agent	22
Iron Merchant, Agent	15
Salesman	18
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	28
Accountant	63
Commercial Clerk	776
Commercial Traveller	189
Other Mercantile Men	9
(2) Other General Dealers	498
Pawnbroker	95
Marine-store Dealer	55
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	142
Shopkeeper	31
Hawker, Pedlar	170
Other General Dealers	5
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	2,878
(1) Carriers on Railways	487
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	81
Railway Official	87
Railway Servant	292
Railway Police	26
Ors. eng. in	1
(2) Carriers on Roads	828
Toll Collector	3
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	52
Livery Staple Keeper	6
Coachman (not domstc.)	79
Cabman, Flyman	198
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	484
Others	6
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	296
Canal and River Service	43
Bargeman, Waterman	252
Others	1
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	44
Shipowner	0
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	29
Pilot	0
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	4
Wharfinger	7
Others	4
(5) Engaged in Storage	436
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	312
Others in Storage	124
(6) Messengers and Porters	787
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	774
Telegraph Service	12
Others in Messages	1
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	717
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	327
Land Proprietor	11
Farmer, Grazier	34
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	2
Farm Bailiff	7
Agricultural Labourer	245
Shepherd (out-door)	0
Farm Servant (in-door)	0
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	28
Others in Agriculture	0
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	5
Woodman	5
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	385
Gardener	378
Nurseryman	7
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	422
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	422
Horse Dealer	21
Horsebreaker	5
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	253
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	62
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	18
Drover	25
Pig Merchant, Dealer	17
Gamekeeper	1
Vermin Destroyer	1
Fisherman	2
Others about Animals	17
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	14,556
(1) In Books	503
Bookseller, Publisher	68
Bookbinder	64
Printer	332
Newspaper Agent	36
Others in Publications	3
(2) In Musical Instrument	45
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	35
Others	10
(3) In Prints and Pictures	221
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	77
Others	144
(4) In Carving and Figures	81
Wood-carver	32
Others	49
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	34
Toy Maker, Dealer	13
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	21
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	129
Pattern Designer	11
Others	118
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	839
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	318
Optician	176
Weight or Measure Mkr.	263
Others	82
(8) In Surgical Instruments	17
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	13
Others	4
(9) In Arms	2,869
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	2,641
Others	228
(10) In Machines	2,589
Eng. and Mach. Maker	1,099
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	9
Scissors-maker	1
Tool Maker, Dealer	557
File-maker	138
Saw Smith, Maker	28
Cutler	26
Blade Maker, Forger	1
Knife-maker	4
Razor-maker	1
Others in Tools, Mchns.	725
(11) In Carriages	496
Coachmaker	407
Others	89
(12) In Harness	580
Saddler, Harness-maker	448
Whip-maker	132
(13) In Ships	64
Shipbldr., Shipwright	3
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	0
Boat, Barge,--Builder	58
Sailmaker	3
Others	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	4,572
House Proprietor	60
House Agent	36
Architect	17
Surveyor	10
Builder	141
Carpenter, Joiner	1,274
Bricklayer	1,354
Marble Mason	32
Mason, Pavior	250
Slater, Tiler	85
Plasterer	235
Paperhanger	68
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	966
Others	44
(15) In Furniture	1,206
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	685
Undertaker	7
Chair-maker	95
Picture-frame Maker	39
Carver, Gilder	84
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	188
Furniture Broker	81
Others	27
(16) In Implements	213
Wheelwright	122
Millwright	52
Other Implement Mkrs.	39
(17) In Chemicals	98
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	39
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	10
Dyer, Calenderer	25
Others	24
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	6,136
(1) In Wool and Worsted	32
Woolstapler	5
Felt manufacture	3
Woollen Cloth manuf.	6
Clothier	0
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	5
Stuff manufacture	1
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	5
Others	7
(2) In Silk	49
Silk manufacture	15
Silk Dyer, Printer	11
Silk Mercer	3
Ribbon manufacture	8
Others	12
(3) In Cotton and Flax	31
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	6
Thread manufacture	1
Lace manufacture	6
Cotton manufacture	6
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	0
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	0
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	12
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	545
Packer and Presser	36
Weaver (undefined)	8
Manchester Warehmn.	1
Draper, Mercer	496
Others	4
(5) In Dress	5,376
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	175
Hatter, Hat manuf.	96
Straw Plait manuf.	1
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	10
Shawl manufacture	2
Furrier	0
Tailor	1,221
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	59
Button-maker	1,130
Hose manufacture	8
Hosier, Haberdasher	74
Glover, Leather, &c.	4
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	2,303
Patten, Clog,--Maker	26
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	76
Others providing Dress	191
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	103
Mat Maker, Seller	5
Rope, Cord,--Maker	58
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	0
Others	40
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	3,892
(1) In Animal Food	1,244
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	199
Cheesemonger	12
Butcher, Meat Salesman	659
Provision Curer, Dealer	199
Poulterer, Game Dealer	43
Fishmonger	125
Others	7
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,171
Corn Merchant, Dealer	60
Miller	149
Flour Dealer, Agent	3
Baker	462
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	182
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	261
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	6
Potato Merchant	23
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	12
Sugar Refiner	4
Others	9
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	1,477
Maltster	107
Brewer, &c.	557
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	41
Distiller, Rectifier	2
Cellarman	28
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	22
Grocer, Tea Dealer	569
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	41
Tobacconist	68
Others	42
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	896
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	260
Soap-boiler	23
Tallow-chandler	46
Comb-maker	19
Others	172
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	383
Fellmonger	15
Skinner	3
Tanner	13
Currier	171
Others	181
(3) In Hair	253
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	11
Brush, Broom,--Maker	241
Others	1
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	1,775
(1) In Gums and Resins	365
Oil Miller, Refiner	1
Oil and Colourman	5
French-polisher	47
Japanner	270
Others	42
(2) In Wood	1,008
Timber Merch., Dealer	55
Wood Dealer	4
Sawyer	253
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	4
Lath-maker	16
Turner	267
Box-maker	24
Cooper	197
Hoop Maker, Bender	23
Others	165
(3) In Bark	42
Cork Cutter, manuf.	42
Others Workers in Bark	0
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	155
Basket-maker	116
Hay and Straw Dealer	19
Thatcher	0
Others	20
(5) In Paper	205
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	19
Paper manufacture	44
Stationer (not Law)	57
Paper-stainer	2
Others Workers in Paper	83
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	14,395
(1) In Mining	52
Coal-miner	22
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	1
Iron-miner	0
Others	29
(2) In Coal	542
Coal Merchant, Dealer	255
Coalheaver, Labourer	158
Coke Burner, Dealer	7
Chimney Sweeper	56
Gas Works Service	65
Other Workers in Coal	1
(3) In Stone, Clay	345
Stone Quarrier	2
Stone Cutter, Polisher	31
Slate Quarrier	0
Limestone Quar., Burner	6
Clay Labourer	3
Brick Maker, Dealer	106
Railway Labourer	34
Platelayer	14
Excavator, Navvy	65
Road Contractor, &c.	1
Road Labourer	42
Scavenger	21
Dust Collector	0
Others	20
(4) In Earthenware	118
Earthenware manuf.	33
Tobacco-pipe Makers	34
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	48
Others	3
(5) In Glass	668
Glass manufacture	634
Other Workers in Glass	34
(6) In Salt	4
Salt manufacture	1
Other Dealers in Salt	3
(7) In Water	44
Waterworks Service	22
Others	22
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	3,088
Goldsmith, Jeweller	2,086
Plater, Plated Wareman	627
Others	375
(9) In Copper	76
Copper manufacture	19
Coppersmith	57
Others	0
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	401
Tin manufacture	10
Tinman, Tinker	186
Tinplate Worker	198
Others	7
(11) In Zinc	44
Zinc manufacture	44
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	58
Lead manufacture	52
Typefounder	0
Others	6
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	5,307
Brass Founder, manuf.	2,757
Brazier	87
Locksmith, Bellhanger	176
Gasfitter	287
Wire Maker, Drawer	285
Wire Worker, Weaver	162
Others	1,553
(14) In Iron and Steel	3,648
Iron manufacture	1,075
Whitesmith	141
Blacksmith	936
Nail manufacture	310
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	27
Boiler-maker	142
Ironmonger	106
Hardwareman, Dealer	58
Steel manufacture	44
Grinder (branch undef.)	47
Others	762
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	3,506
(1) General Labourers	3,003
Labourer	3,003
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	503
Mechanic	36
Shopman	17
Apprentice	0
Others of indef. occu.	450
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	76
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	76
Gentleman	58
Annuitant	18
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	81
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	78
Dependent on Relatives	2
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	0
Pauper, no stated occ.	8
Lunatic, no stated occ.	27
Others	41
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1
Prisoner, no stated occ.	1
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	2
Vagrant, Beggar	2
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	597
Visitor, no stated occ.	15
Others of no stated occupation or condition	582

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.