Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

List Middlesex RegC	St Marylebone RegD/PLPar

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	41,291
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	1,026
(1) Officers of National Government	499
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	230
Post Office	159
Inland Revenue	31
Customs	31
Government Messengers, Workmen	28
Dockyard Artificers	0
Other Govt.	20
(2) Officers of Local Government	492
Magistrate	48
Police	380
Prison Officer	2
Union and Parish Officer	39
Officer of Local Board	1
Other Local Officers	22
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	35
E. India and Col. Service	35
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	974
(1) Army	894
Army Officer	137
Army Half-pay Officer	142
Soldier	521
Chelsea Pensioner	67
Militia	17
Others	10
(2) Navy	80
Navy Officer	25
Navy Half-pay Officer	34
Seaman, R.N.	10
Royal Marine	2
Greenwich Pensioner	8
Others	1
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	2,705
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	251
Clergyman	142
Protestant Minister	17
Roman Catholic Priest	22
Other Relig. Teachers	46
Parish Clerk	5
Other Church Officers	19
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	609
Barrister	189
Solicitor	223
Law Student	28
Other Lawyers	6
Officers of Law Court	13
Law Clerk	148
Law Stationer	2
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	706
Physician	133
Surgeon, Apothecary	235
Medical Student, Assist.	55
Dentist	90
Druggist	174
Others	19
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	105
Author, Editor, Writer	67
Ors. eng. in Literature	38
(5) Artists	409
Artist, Painter	269
Sculptor	38
Engraver	60
Photographic Artist	41
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	1
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	256
Musician	128
Music-master	126
Others	2
(7) Actors, Actresses	46
Actor	23
In Theatres, Exhibitions	23
(8) Teachers	241
Schoolmaster	84
Teacher of Languages	70
Profes. of Mathematics	14
Teacher (General)	31
Teacher of Dancing	17
Other Teachers	25
(9) Scientific Persons	82
Civil Engineer	64
Other Scientific Persons	18
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	122
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	49
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	49
(4) Scholars (so described)	73
Scholar (so described)	73
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	3,862
(1) In Board and Lodging	572
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	20
Publican	257
Beerseller	53
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	93
Coffee-house Keeper	94
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	25
Others--Boarding, &c.	30
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	3,290
Domst. Serv. (General)	2,288
Coachman	418
Groom	120
Gardener	34
Inn Servant	414
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	9
Others	7
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	1,877
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	1,494
Merchant	345
Banker	23
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	31
Stock Broker, &c.	56
Ship Broker, Agent	16
Broker	45
Agent, Factor	89
Coal, Colliery Agent	2
Iron Merchant, Agent	2
Salesman	19
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	56
Accountant	60
Commercial Clerk	613
Commercial Traveller	116
Other Mercantile Men	21
(2) Other General Dealers	383
Pawnbroker	62
Marine-store Dealer	33
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	193
Shopkeeper	33
Hawker, Pedlar	58
Other General Dealers	4
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	3,862
(1) Carriers on Railways	130
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	10
Railway Official	74
Railway Servant	36
Railway Police	9
Ors. eng. in	1
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,587
Toll Collector	2
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	155
Livery Staple Keeper	43
Coachman (not domstc.)	1,130
Cabman, Flyman	656
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	568
Others	33
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	9
Canal and River Service	0
Bargeman, Waterman	9
Others	0
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	103
Shipowner	6
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	78
Pilot	1
Boatman on Seas	0
Dock Servant, Labourer	7
Wharfinger	0
Others	11
(5) Engaged in Storage	108
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	100
Others in Storage	8
(6) Messengers and Porters	925
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	913
Telegraph Service	6
Others in Messages	6
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	712
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	300
Land Proprietor	196
Farmer, Grazier	27
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	2
Farm Bailiff	1
Agricultural Labourer	35
Shepherd (out-door)	1
Farm Servant (in-door)	0
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	29
Others in Agriculture	9
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	0
Woodman	0
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	412
Gardener	387
Nurseryman	25
Others in Horticulture	0
9. Persons engaged about Animals	949
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	949
Horse Dealer	30
Horsebreaker	2
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	644
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	216
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	8
Drover	22
Pig Merchant, Dealer	0
Gamekeeper	0
Vermin Destroyer	1
Fisherman	1
Others about Animals	25
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	9,873
(1) In Books	449
Bookseller, Publisher	138
Bookbinder	77
Printer	194
Newspaper Agent	27
Others in Publications	13
(2) In Musical Instrument	306
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	248
Others	58
(3) In Prints and Pictures	98
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	39
Others	59
(4) In Carving and Figures	115
Wood-carver	59
Others	56
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	32
Toy Maker, Dealer	8
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	24
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	54
Pattern Designer	42
Others	12
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	164
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	134
Optician	18
Weight or Measure Mkr.	5
Others	7
(8) In Surgical Instruments	13
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	12
Others	1
(9) In Arms	35
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	34
Others	1
(10) In Machines	217
Eng. and Mach. Maker	158
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	3
Scissors-maker	0
Tool Maker, Dealer	5
File-maker	1
Saw Smith, Maker	8
Cutler	28
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	14
(11) In Carriages	800
Coachmaker	795
Others	5
(12) In Harness	313
Saddler, Harness-maker	299
Whip-maker	14
(13) In Ships	10
Shipbldr., Shipwright	5
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	0
Boat, Barge,--Builder	1
Sailmaker	4
Others	0
(14) In Houses and Buildings	5,716
House Proprietor	143
House Agent	45
Architect	79
Surveyor	30
Builder	187
Carpenter, Joiner	1,358
Bricklayer	1,016
Marble Mason	32
Mason, Pavior	283
Slater, Tiler	46
Plasterer	435
Paperhanger	72
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	1,941
Others	49
(15) In Furniture	1,367
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	866
Undertaker	62
Chair-maker	73
Picture-frame Maker	29
Carver, Gilder	205
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	16
Furniture Broker	95
Others	21
(16) In Implements	78
Wheelwright	74
Millwright	3
Other Implement Mkrs.	1
(17) In Chemicals	106
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	11
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	2
Dyer, Calenderer	83
Others	10
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	5,418
(1) In Wool and Worsted	47
Woolstapler	1
Felt manufacture	0
Woollen Cloth manuf.	22
Clothier	9
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	1
Worsted manufacture	0
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	1
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	4
Others	9
(2) In Silk	108
Silk manufacture	16
Silk Dyer, Printer	7
Silk Mercer	85
Ribbon manufacture	0
Others	0
(3) In Cotton and Flax	56
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	7
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	23
Cotton manufacture	5
Fustian manufacture	0
Muslin manufacture	1
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	1
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	19
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	771
Packer and Presser	5
Weaver (undefined)	0
Manchester Warehmn.	8
Draper, Mercer	723
Others	35
(5) In Dress	4,412
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	164
Hatter, Hat manuf.	46
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	21
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	13
Tailor	1,811
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	46
Button-maker	1
Hose manufacture	0
Hosier, Haberdasher	83
Glover, Leather, &c.	9
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	2,055
Patten, Clog,--Maker	0
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	21
Others providing Dress	142
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	24
Mat Maker, Seller	10
Rope, Cord,--Maker	4
Canvas Maker, Dealer	0
Sailcloth manufacture	1
Others	9
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	3,048
(1) In Animal Food	1,135
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	228
Cheesemonger	164
Butcher, Meat Salesman	471
Provision Curer, Dealer	30
Poulterer, Game Dealer	55
Fishmonger	179
Others	8
(2) In Vegetable Food	1,067
Corn Merchant, Dealer	76
Miller	8
Flour Dealer, Agent	0
Baker	581
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	114
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	248
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	12
Potato Merchant	10
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	6
Sugar Refiner	1
Others	11
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	846
Maltster	5
Brewer, &c.	55
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	120
Distiller, Rectifier	2
Cellarman	33
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	30
Grocer, Tea Dealer	445
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	11
Tobacconist	76
Others	69
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	260
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	60
Soap-boiler	3
Tallow-chandler	33
Comb-maker	10
Others	14
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	122
Fellmonger	0
Skinner	0
Tanner	4
Currier	37
Others	81
(3) In Hair	78
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	2
Brush, Broom,--Maker	76
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	859
(1) In Gums and Resins	319
Oil Miller, Refiner	2
Oil and Colourman	78
French-polisher	233
Japanner	5
Others	1
(2) In Wood	310
Timber Merch., Dealer	20
Wood Dealer	32
Sawyer	108
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	1
Lath-maker	12
Turner	45
Box-maker	10
Cooper	50
Hoop Maker, Bender	0
Others	32
(3) In Bark	10
Cork Cutter, manuf.	9
Others Workers in Bark	1
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	71
Basket-maker	30
Hay and Straw Dealer	10
Thatcher	1
Others	30
(5) In Paper	149
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	15
Paper manufacture	8
Stationer (not Law)	93
Paper-stainer	19
Others Workers in Paper	14
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	2,069
(1) In Mining	6
Coal-miner	0
Copper-miner	0
Tin-miner	0
Lead-miner	0
Iron-miner	0
Others	6
(2) In Coal	293
Coal Merchant, Dealer	80
Coalheaver, Labourer	27
Coke Burner, Dealer	2
Chimney Sweeper	88
Gas Works Service	90
Other Workers in Coal	6
(3) In Stone, Clay	235
Stone Quarrier	0
Stone Cutter, Polisher	12
Slate Quarrier	0
Limestone Quar., Burner	1
Clay Labourer	0
Brick Maker, Dealer	12
Railway Labourer	6
Platelayer	3
Excavator, Navvy	120
Road Contractor, &c.	1
Road Labourer	6
Scavenger	30
Dust Collector	19
Others	25
(4) In Earthenware	100
Earthenware manuf.	2
Tobacco-pipe Makers	19
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	75
Others	4
(5) In Glass	43
Glass manufacture	34
Other Workers in Glass	9
(6) In Salt	0
Salt manufacture	0
Other Dealers in Salt	0
(7) In Water	29
Waterworks Service	25
Others	4
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	283
Goldsmith, Jeweller	254
Plater, Plated Wareman	15
Others	14
(9) In Copper	11
Copper manufacture	4
Coppersmith	5
Others	2
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	97
Tin manufacture	0
Tinman, Tinker	40
Tinplate Worker	57
Others	0
(11) In Zinc	23
Zinc manufacture	23
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	10
Lead manufacture	1
Typefounder	1
Others	8
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	290
Brass Founder, manuf.	88
Brazier	24
Locksmith, Bellhanger	50
Gasfitter	73
Wire Maker, Drawer	0
Wire Worker, Weaver	11
Others	44
(14) In Iron and Steel	649
Iron manufacture	35
Whitesmith	104
Blacksmith	368
Nail manufacture	0
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	2
Boiler-maker	5
Ironmonger	118
Hardwareman, Dealer	3
Steel manufacture	2
Grinder (branch undef.)	0
Others	12
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	2,265
(1) General Labourers	2,140
Labourer	2,140
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	125
Mechanic	8
Shopman	42
Apprentice	2
Others of indef. occu.	73
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	561
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	561
Gentleman	237
Annuitant	324
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	66
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	63
Dependent on Relatives	11
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	3
Pauper, no stated occ.	14
Lunatic, no stated occ.	0
Others	35
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	1
Prisoner, no stated occ.	1
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	2
Vagrant, Beggar	2
Gipsy	0
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	783
Visitor, no stated occ.	50
Others of no stated occupation or condition	733

Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

Click on the triangles for all about a particular number.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.