Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show England Dep table	Middlesex RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	542,206
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	15,061
(1) Officers of National Government	8,668
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	2,827
Post Office	2,407
Inland Revenue	690
Customs	1,476
Government Messengers, Workmen	973
Dockyard Artificers	57
Other Govt.	238
(2) Officers of Local Government	6,052
Magistrate	236
Police	4,504
Prison Officer	357
Union and Parish Officer	579
Officer of Local Board	64
Other Local Officers	312
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	341
E. India and Col. Service	341
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	9,852
(1) Army	8,933
Army Officer	1,197
Army Half-pay Officer	1,018
Soldier	4,740
Chelsea Pensioner	1,575
Militia	280
Others	123
(2) Navy	919
Navy Officer	260
Navy Half-pay Officer	276
Seaman, R.N.	140
Royal Marine	34
Greenwich Pensioner	174
Others	35
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	29,896
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	2,973
Clergyman	1,332
Protestant Minister	486
Roman Catholic Priest	150
Other Relig. Teachers	622
Parish Clerk	74
Other Church Officers	309
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	8,772
Barrister	1,321
Solicitor	2,589
Law Student	265
Other Lawyers	51
Officers of Law Court	422
Law Clerk	3,656
Law Stationer	468
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	6,101
Physician	694
Surgeon, Apothecary	2,206
Medical Student, Assist.	697
Dentist	463
Druggist	1,940
Others	101
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	1,118
Author, Editor, Writer	641
Ors. eng. in Literature	477
(5) Artists	4,004
Artist, Painter	1,928
Sculptor	246
Engraver	1,311
Photographic Artist	492
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	27
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	2,537
Musician	1,740
Music-master	710
Others	87
(7) Actors, Actresses	665
Actor	355
In Theatres, Exhibitions	310
(8) Teachers	2,658
Schoolmaster	1,418
Teacher of Languages	508
Profes. of Mathematics	103
Teacher (General)	307
Teacher of Dancing	112
Other Teachers	210
(9) Scientific Persons	1,068
Civil Engineer	860
Other Scientific Persons	208
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	1,811
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	1,268
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	1,268
(4) Scholars (so described)	543
Scholar (so described)	543
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	31,923
(1) In Board and Lodging	8,767
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	415
Publican	4,377
Beerseller	1,188
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	698
Coffee-house Keeper	1,163
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	513
Others--Boarding, &c.	413
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	23,156
Domst. Serv. (General)	11,945
Coachman	2,945
Groom	1,141
Gardener	1,050
Inn Servant	5,521
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	343
Others	211
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	31,569
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	24,440
Merchant	3,589
Banker	243
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	722
Stock Broker, &c.	735
Ship Broker, Agent	524
Broker	577
Agent, Factor	1,727
Coal, Colliery Agent	67
Iron Merchant, Agent	66
Salesman	233
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	609
Accountant	1,181
Commercial Clerk	11,032
Commercial Traveller	2,741
Other Mercantile Men	394
(2) Other General Dealers	7,129
Pawnbroker	724
Marine-store Dealer	409
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	3,913
Shopkeeper	419
Hawker, Pedlar	1,533
Other General Dealers	131
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	60,099
(1) Carriers on Railways	4,796
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	544
Railway Official	1,796
Railway Servant	2,305
Railway Police	135
Ors. eng. in	16
(2) Carriers on Roads	21,207
Toll Collector	170
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	1,217
Livery Staple Keeper	315
Coachman (not domstc.)	6,130
Cabman, Flyman	4,010
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	9,125
Others	240
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	2,728
Canal and River Service	169
Bargeman, Waterman	2,551
Others	8
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	17,158
Shipowner	149
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	7,743
Pilot	100
Boatman on Seas	1
Dock Servant, Labourer	7,673
Wharfinger	263
Others	1,229
(5) Engaged in Storage	3,700
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	3,061
Others in Storage	639
(6) Messengers and Porters	10,510
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	10,165
Telegraph Service	238
Others in Messages	107
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	18,343
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	11,334
Land Proprietor	1,484
Farmer, Grazier	1,190
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	144
Farm Bailiff	190
Agricultural Labourer	7,691
Shepherd (out-door)	129
Farm Servant (in-door)	127
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	328
Others in Agriculture	51
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	24
Woodman	24
Others in Arboriculture	0
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	6,985
Gardener	6,576
Nurseryman	402
Others in Horticulture	7
9. Persons engaged about Animals	8,014
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	8,014
Horse Dealer	193
Horsebreaker	28
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	4,956
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	1,549
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	276
Drover	519
Pig Merchant, Dealer	77
Gamekeeper	60
Vermin Destroyer	26
Fisherman	119
Others about Animals	211
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	122,436
(1) In Books	11,200
Bookseller, Publisher	1,823
Bookbinder	1,995
Printer	6,663
Newspaper Agent	549
Others in Publications	170
(2) In Musical Instrument	3,535
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	3,072
Others	463
(3) In Prints and Pictures	2,184
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	957
Others	1,227
(4) In Carving and Figures	1,481
Wood-carver	683
Others	798
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	745
Toy Maker, Dealer	449
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	296
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	543
Pattern Designer	239
Others	304
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	5,701
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	4,264
Optician	633
Weight or Measure Mkr.	283
Others	521
(8) In Surgical Instruments	289
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	231
Others	58
(9) In Arms	2,007
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	1,808
Others	199
(10) In Machines	5,831
Eng. and Mach. Maker	4,479
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	15
Scissors-maker	2
Tool Maker, Dealer	199
File-maker	74
Saw Smith, Maker	125
Cutler	429
Blade Maker, Forger	18
Knife-maker	11
Razor-maker	4
Others in Tools, Mchns.	475
(11) In Carriages	4,160
Coachmaker	4,083
Others	77
(12) In Harness	2,246
Saddler, Harness-maker	2,038
Whip-maker	208
(13) In Ships	4,823
Shipbldr., Shipwright	3,073
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	262
Boat, Barge,--Builder	336
Sailmaker	488
Others	664
(14) In Houses and Buildings	58,793
House Proprietor	2,100
House Agent	413
Architect	1,009
Surveyor	474
Builder	2,729
Carpenter, Joiner	18,708
Bricklayer	10,996
Marble Mason	464
Mason, Pavior	3,049
Slater, Tiler	247
Plasterer	3,305
Paperhanger	713
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	14,168
Others	418
(15) In Furniture	15,105
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	8,700
Undertaker	650
Chair-maker	1,489
Picture-frame Maker	618
Carver, Gilder	1,792
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	425
Furniture Broker	802
Others	629
(16) In Implements	1,812
Wheelwright	1,497
Millwright	295
Other Implement Mkrs.	20
(17) In Chemicals	1,981
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	425
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	215
Dyer, Calenderer	965
Others	376
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	61,923
(1) In Wool and Worsted	1,347
Woolstapler	60
Felt manufacture	52
Woollen Cloth manuf.	362
Clothier	171
Fuller	3
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	20
Worsted manufacture	57
Stuff manufacture	5
Flannel manufacture	6
Blanket manufacture	1
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	412
Others	198
(2) In Silk	5,324
Silk manufacture	4,573
Silk Dyer, Printer	270
Silk Mercer	266
Ribbon manufacture	50
Others	165
(3) In Cotton and Flax	721
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	75
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	158
Cotton manufacture	128
Fustian manufacture	2
Muslin manufacture	26
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	72
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	19
Others	241
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	6,713
Packer and Presser	138
Weaver (undefined)	249
Manchester Warehmn.	260
Draper, Mercer	5,479
Others	587
(5) In Dress	46,371
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	1,761
Hatter, Hat manuf.	988
Straw Plait manuf.	16
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	328
Shawl manufacture	11
Furrier	422
Tailor	16,143
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	703
Button-maker	93
Hose manufacture	17
Hosier, Haberdasher	887
Glover, Leather, &c.	194
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	22,089
Patten, Clog,--Maker	68
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	721
Others providing Dress	1,930
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	1,447
Mat Maker, Seller	187
Rope, Cord,--Maker	805
Canvas Maker, Dealer	28
Sailcloth manufacture	16
Others	411
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	43,166
(1) In Animal Food	13,798
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	2,751
Cheesemonger	1,498
Butcher, Meat Salesman	6,432
Provision Curer, Dealer	632
Poulterer, Game Dealer	441
Fishmonger	1,956
Others	88
(2) In Vegetable Food	15,736
Corn Merchant, Dealer	1,058
Miller	569
Flour Dealer, Agent	80
Baker	7,458
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	1,535
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	2,927
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	188
Potato Merchant	194
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	162
Sugar Refiner	1,454
Others	111
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	13,632
Maltster	160
Brewer, &c.	2,269
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	1,522
Distiller, Rectifier	350
Cellarman	498
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	258
Grocer, Tea Dealer	5,201
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	1,674
Tobacconist	1,031
Others	669
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	6,101
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	1,921
Soap-boiler	302
Tallow-chandler	635
Comb-maker	187
Others	797
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	2,468
Fellmonger	31
Skinner	186
Tanner	88
Currier	977
Others	1,186
(3) In Hair	1,712
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	255
Brush, Broom,--Maker	1,428
Others	29
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	17,490
(1) In Gums and Resins	3,687
Oil Miller, Refiner	111
Oil and Colourman	1,132
French-polisher	1,738
Japanner	252
Others	454
(2) In Wood	8,930
Timber Merch., Dealer	633
Wood Dealer	488
Sawyer	2,287
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	17
Lath-maker	205
Turner	1,087
Box-maker	573
Cooper	2,734
Hoop Maker, Bender	57
Others	849
(3) In Bark	472
Cork Cutter, manuf.	459
Others Workers in Bark	13
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	1,181
Basket-maker	636
Hay and Straw Dealer	218
Thatcher	16
Others	311
(5) In Paper	3,220
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	238
Paper manufacture	254
Stationer (not Law)	1,626
Paper-stainer	540
Others Workers in Paper	562
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	37,510
(1) In Mining	231
Coal-miner	26
Copper-miner	5
Tin-miner	2
Lead-miner	1
Iron-miner	3
Others	194
(2) In Coal	6,089
Coal Merchant, Dealer	1,119
Coalheaver, Labourer	2,149
Coke Burner, Dealer	85
Chimney Sweeper	748
Gas Works Service	1,894
Other Workers in Coal	94
(3) In Stone, Clay	5,055
Stone Quarrier	11
Stone Cutter, Polisher	291
Slate Quarrier	9
Limestone Quar., Burner	57
Clay Labourer	12
Brick Maker, Dealer	1,910
Railway Labourer	503
Platelayer	146
Excavator, Navvy	1,005
Road Contractor, &c.	52
Road Labourer	326
Scavenger	207
Dust Collector	125
Others	401
(4) In Earthenware	1,297
Earthenware manuf.	196
Tobacco-pipe Makers	516
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	553
Others	32
(5) In Glass	1,016
Glass manufacture	868
Other Workers in Glass	148
(6) In Salt	21
Salt manufacture	12
Other Dealers in Salt	9
(7) In Water	457
Waterworks Service	372
Others	85
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	5,072
Goldsmith, Jeweller	4,124
Plater, Plated Wareman	139
Others	809
(9) In Copper	379
Copper manufacture	62
Coppersmith	299
Others	18
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	1,755
Tin manufacture	9
Tinman, Tinker	592
Tinplate Worker	1,058
Others	96
(11) In Zinc	307
Zinc manufacture	263
Others	44
(12) In Lead and Antimony	648
Lead manufacture	57
Typefounder	436
Others	155
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	4,894
Brass Founder, manuf.	1,799
Brazier	332
Locksmith, Bellhanger	529
Gasfitter	1,288
Wire Maker, Drawer	120
Wire Worker, Weaver	282
Others	544
(14) In Iron and Steel	10,289
Iron manufacture	1,577
Whitesmith	1,006
Blacksmith	5,368
Nail manufacture	16
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	33
Boiler-maker	785
Ironmonger	1,170
Hardwareman, Dealer	54
Steel manufacture	22
Grinder (branch undef.)	13
Others	245
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	32,890
(1) General Labourers	30,581
Labourer	30,581
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	2,309
Mechanic	409
Shopman	482
Apprentice	20
Others of indef. occu.	1,398
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	5,281
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	5,281
Gentleman	2,618
Annuitant	2,663
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	1,183
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	1,088
Dependent on Relatives	132
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	77
Pauper, no stated occ.	327
Lunatic, no stated occ.	195
Others	357
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	31
Prisoner, no stated occ.	31
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	64
Vagrant, Beggar	34
Gipsy	30
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	7,658
Visitor, no stated occ.	424
Others of no stated occupation or condition	7,234

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.