Vision of Britain | 1861 Census: Ages

1861 Census of England and Wales, Ages (Sample Report Title: Population Tables. Ages, Civil Condition, Occupations and Birth-places of the People: with the Ages and Occupations of the Blind, of the Deaf-and-dumb, and of the inmates of certain public institutions Part I), Table 17 : " Occupations of Males aged 20 Years and upwards in Districts".

Show England Dep table	Kent RegC

OCCUPATIONS	[Males] [1]
Total of Males	204,195
1. Persons engaged in the General or Local Government of the Country	11,918
(1) Officers of National Government	10,057
Civ. Serv. not in Rev. Dep.	803
Post Office	442
Inland Revenue	156
Customs	396
Government Messengers, Workmen	336
Dockyard Artificers	7,877
Other Govt.	47
(2) Officers of Local Government	1,785
Magistrate	102
Police	1,079
Prison Officer	230
Union and Parish Officer	298
Officer of Local Board	14
Other Local Officers	62
(3) Officers of East India and Colonial Government	76
E. India and Col. Service	76
2. Persons engaged in the Defence of the Country	26,318
(1) Army	19,277
Army Officer	1,026
Army Half-pay Officer	196
Soldier	16,978
Chelsea Pensioner	877
Militia	104
Others	96
(2) Navy	7,041
Navy Officer	365
Navy Half-pay Officer	136
Seaman, R.N.	1,616
Royal Marine	2,192
Greenwich Pensioner	2,019
Others	713
3. Persons engaged in the Learned Professions or engaged in Literature, Art, and Science (with their immediate Subordinates)	5,293
(1) Clergymen, Ministers, and Church Officers	1,378
Clergyman	811
Protestant Minister	224
Roman Catholic Priest	19
Other Relig. Teachers	142
Parish Clerk	96
Other Church Officers	86
(2) Lawyers, Law Court Officers, and Law Stationers	940
Barrister	129
Solicitor	482
Law Student	13
Other Lawyers	1
Officers of Law Court	44
Law Clerk	257
Law Stationer	14
(3) Physicians, Surgeons, and Druggists	1,124
Physician	73
Surgeon, Apothecary	521
Medical Student, Assist.	82
Dentist	16
Druggist	424
Others	8
(4) Authors and Literary Persons	109
Author, Editor, Writer	40
Ors. eng. in Literature	69
(5) Artists	267
Artist, Painter	104
Sculptor	8
Engraver	58
Photographic Artist	94
Ors. Eng. in the Fine Arts	3
(6) Musicians, Teachers of Music	303
Musician	206
Music-master	93
Others	4
(7) Actors, Actresses	64
Actor	23
In Theatres, Exhibitions	41
(8) Teachers	940
Schoolmaster	714
Teacher of Languages	70
Profes. of Mathematics	27
Teacher (General)	77
Teacher of Dancing	16
Other Teachers	36
(9) Scientific Persons	168
Civil Engineer	134
Other Scientific Persons	34
4. Persons engaged in the Domestic Officers or Duties of Wives, Mothers, Mistresses of Families, Children, Relatives (not otherwise returned)	573
(3) Children and Relatives at home (not otherwise described)	465
Son, Grandson, Brother, Neph. (not oth. Des.)	465
(4) Scholars (so described)	108
Scholar (so described)	108
5. Persons engaged in entertaining, and performing Personal Offices for Man	7,935
(1) In Board and Lodging	3,187
Innkeeper, Hotelkeeper	583
Publican	1,649
Beerseller	542
Lodg., Boardg.-house K.	172
Coffee-house Keeper	104
Cook (not Domst. Serv.)	50
Others--Boarding, &c.	87
(2) Attendance (Domestic Servants, &c.)	4,748
Domst. Serv. (General)	1,693
Coachman	570
Groom	540
Gardener	917
Inn Servant	877
Hosp. Attent., Nurse, &c.	117
Others	34
6. Persons who buy or sell, keep, or lend Money, Houses or Goods of various Kinds	4,062
(1) Mercantile Men [Women]	2,883
Merchant	479
Banker	58
Insur., Ben. Soci. Offr.	102
Stock Broker, &c.	115
Ship Broker, Agent	138
Broker	129
Agent, Factor	232
Coal, Colliery Agent	11
Iron Merchant, Agent	9
Salesman	27
Auctioneer, Apprsr., Val.	161
Accountant	178
Commercial Clerk	982
Commercial Traveller	163
Other Mercantile Men	99
(2) Other General Dealers	1,179
Pawnbroker	104
Marine-store Dealer	151
Ge. Dlr., Costermonger	567
Shopkeeper	61
Hawker, Pedlar	269
Other General Dealers	27
7. Persons engaged in the Conveyance of Men, Animals, Goods, and Messages	13,898
(1) Carriers on Railways	1,476
Rail. Engine Driver, &c.	427
Railway Official	288
Railway Servant	745
Railway Police	5
Ors. eng. in	11
(2) Carriers on Roads	2,912
Toll Collector	126
Coach, Omn., Cab, Ownr.	160
Livery Staple Keeper	47
Coachman (not domstc.)	652
Cabman, Flyman	268
Carm., Carr., Carter, Dray.	1,627
Others	32
(3) Carriers on Canals and Rivers	1,818
Canal and River Service	19
Bargeman, Waterman	1,756
Others	43
(4) Carriers on Seas and Rivers	6,982
Shipowner	76
Seaman (Mercht. Serv.)	5,228
Pilot	288
Boatman on Seas	452
Dock Servant, Labourer	575
Wharfinger	75
Others	288
(5) Engaged in Storage	208
Warehsmn. (not Manch.)	123
Others in Storage	85
(6) Messengers and Porters	502
Messr., Port., Ernd. Boy	439
Telegraph Service	60
Others in Messages	3
8. Persons possessing or working the Land, and engaged in growing Grain, Fruits, Grasses, Animals, and other Products	48,582
(1) In Fields and Pastures (Agriculturists)	44,197
Land Proprietor	488
Farmer, Grazier	4,765
Farmer's "Son", "Brother", "Grandson"	1,117
Farm Bailiff	1,134
Agricultural Labourer	34,058
Shepherd (out-door)	742
Farm Servant (in-door)	1,720
Land Surv., Estate Agt.	110
Others in Agriculture	63
(2) In Woods (Arboriculturists)	302
Woodman	241
Others in Arboriculture	61
(3) In Gardens (Horticulturists)	4,083
Gardener	3,908
Nurseryman	143
Others in Horticulture	32
9. Persons engaged about Animals	2,732
(1) Persons engaged about Animals	2,732
Horse Dealer	38
Horsebreaker	16
Horsekpr., Grm., Jockey	822
Farrier, Veterinary Sur.	190
Cattle, Sheep,--Dealer	74
Drover	62
Pig Merchant, Dealer	10
Gamekeeper	287
Vermin Destroyer	55
Fisherman	1,038
Others about Animals	140
10. Persons engaged in Art and Mechanic Productions, in which Matters of various kinds are employed in combination	25,427
(1) In Books	722
Bookseller, Publisher	183
Bookbinder	63
Printer	403
Newspaper Agent	61
Others in Publications	12
(2) In Musical Instrument	54
Musical Instr. Mak., Dlr.	28
Others	26
(3) In Prints and Pictures	49
Lithographer, Lithographic Printer	13
Others	36
(4) In Carving and Figures	24
Wood-carver	4
Others	20
(5) in Tackle for Sport and Games	144
Toy Maker, Dealer	27
Bow, Bat, Tackle,--Mak.	117
(6) In Designs, Medals, and Dies	89
Pattern Designer	58
Others	31
(7) In Watches and Philosophical Instruments	415
Watchmkr., Clockmkr.	361
Optician	20
Weight or Measure Mkr.	11
Others	23
(8) In Surgical Instruments	12
Surgical Instrmt. Maker	7
Others	5
(9) In Arms	253
Gunsmith, Gun Manuf.	83
Others	170
(10) In Machines	2,564
Eng. and Mach. Maker	2,435
Spindle-maker	0
Needle manufacture	10
Scissors-maker	1
Tool Maker, Dealer	20
File-maker	4
Saw Smith, Maker	19
Cutler	49
Blade Maker, Forger	0
Knife-maker	0
Razor-maker	0
Others in Tools, Mchns.	26
(11) In Carriages	496
Coachmaker	466
Others	30
(12) In Harness	462
Saddler, Harness-maker	455
Whip-maker	7
(13) In Ships	2,101
Shipbldr., Shipwright	1,726
Block, Oar, Mast,--Mak.	44
Boat, Barge,--Builder	105
Sailmaker	154
Others	72
(14) In Houses and Buildings	15,457
House Proprietor	631
House Agent	74
Architect	127
Surveyor	98
Builder	759
Carpenter, Joiner	5,798
Bricklayer	4,267
Marble Mason	16
Mason, Pavior	684
Slater, Tiler	25
Plasterer	432
Paperhanger	55
Plumber, Painter, Glazr.	2,450
Others	41
(15) In Furniture	974
Cabinet Maker, Uphol.	668
Undertaker	42
Chair-maker	63
Picture-frame Maker	3
Carver, Gilder	57
Bedstead, Mattress,--Mak.	7
Furniture Broker	95
Others	39
(16) In Implements	1,402
Wheelwright	1,119
Millwright	264
Other Implement Mkrs.	19
(17) In Chemicals	209
Manuf. Chemist, Laborer	114
Dye, Colour,--manuf.	9
Dyer, Calenderer	64
Others	22
11. Persons working and Dealing in the Textile Fabrics and in Dress	10,626
(1) In Wool and Worsted	195
Woolstapler	40
Felt manufacture	13
Woollen Cloth manuf.	51
Clothier	44
Fuller	0
Wool, Woollen,--Dyer	0
Worsted manufacture	6
Stuff manufacture	0
Flannel manufacture	0
Blanket manufacture	0
Carpet, Rug,--manuf.	6
Others	35
(2) In Silk	158
Silk manufacture	48
Silk Dyer, Printer	47
Silk Mercer	36
Ribbon manufacture	4
Others	23
(3) In Cotton and Flax	163
Flax, Linen,--manuf.	39
Thread manufacture	0
Lace manufacture	17
Cotton manufacture	13
Fustian manufacture	1
Muslin manufacture	1
Calico, Cotton,--Printer	82
Calico, Cotton,--Dyer	0
Others	10
(4) In Mixed Materials (1, 2, 3.)	1,257
Packer and Presser	11
Weaver (undefined)	32
Manchester Warehmn.	34
Draper, Mercer	1,162
Others	18
(5) In Dress	8,507
Hairdresser, Wig-maker	338
Hatter, Hat manuf.	103
Straw Plait manuf.	0
Straw Hat, Bonnet Mak.	11
Shawl manufacture	0
Furrier	6
Tailor	2,590
Clothes Dealer, Outfitr.	106
Button-maker	3
Hose manufacture	3
Hosier, Haberdasher	45
Glover, Leather, &c.	33
Shoemaker, Bootmaker	5,127
Patten, Clog,--Maker	15
Umbrella, Stick,--Mak.	41
Others providing Dress	86
(6) In Hemp and other Fibrous Materials	346
Mat Maker, Seller	24
Rope, Cord,--Maker	268
Canvas Maker, Dealer	1
Sailcloth manufacture	3
Others	50
12. Persons working and dealing in Food and Drinks	11,623
(1) In Animal Food	3,015
Cowkeeper, Milkseller	537
Cheesemonger	76
Butcher, Meat Salesman	1,881
Provision Curer, Dealer	49
Poulterer, Game Dealer	75
Fishmonger	373
Others	24
(2) In Vegetable Food	4,631
Corn Merchant, Dealer	304
Miller	1,029
Flour Dealer, Agent	9
Baker	2,210
Confectioner, Pastry Ck.	279
Greengrocer, Fruiterer	693
Fruit, Flower,--Vendor	12
Potato Merchant	20
Seed Mercht., Seedsman	41
Sugar Refiner	13
Others	21
(3) In Drinks and Stimulants	3,977
Maltster	140
Brewer, &c.	728
Wine and Spirit Mercht.	248
Distiller, Rectifier	22
Cellarman	46
Ginger Br., Sod. Wat. Ma.	30
Grocer, Tea Dealer	2,540
Tobo., Cig., Snuff, manuf.	14
Tobacconist	104
Others	105
13. Persons working and dealing in Animal Substances	850
(1) In Grease, Gut, Bones, Horn, Ivory, and Whalebone	228
Soap-boiler	53
Tallow-chandler	123
Comb-maker	6
Others	46
(2) In Skins, Feathers, and Quills	519
Fellmonger	74
Skinner	9
Tanner	236
Currier	166
Others	34
(3) In Hair	103
Hair, Bristle,--manuf.	5
Brush, Broom,--Maker	98
Others	0
14. Persons working and dealing in Vegetable Substances	4,421
(1) In Gums and Resins	226
Oil Miller, Refiner	84
Oil and Colourman	61
French-polisher	60
Japanner	1
Others	20
(2) In Wood	2,544
Timber Merch., Dealer	190
Wood Dealer	197
Sawyer	1,286
Fence, Hurdle,--Maker	44
Lath-maker	55
Turner	140
Box-maker	10
Cooper	509
Hoop Maker, Bender	33
Others	80
(3) In Bark	23
Cork Cutter, manuf.	18
Others Workers in Bark	5
(4) In Cane, Rush, and Straw	495
Basket-maker	258
Hay and Straw Dealer	45
Thatcher	166
Others	26
(5) In Paper	1,133
Rag Gatherer, Dealer	25
Paper manufacture	923
Stationer (not Law)	138
Paper-stainer	3
Others Workers in Paper	44
15. Persons working and dealing in Minerals	13,787
(1) In Mining	60
Coal-miner	14
Copper-miner	2
Tin-miner	1
Lead-miner	2
Iron-miner	2
Others	39
(2) In Coal	1,288
Coal Merchant, Dealer	334
Coalheaver, Labourer	424
Coke Burner, Dealer	41
Chimney Sweeper	190
Gas Works Service	254
Other Workers in Coal	45
(3) In Stone, Clay	5,739
Stone Quarrier	141
Stone Cutter, Polisher	49
Slate Quarrier	0
Limestone Quar., Burner	193
Clay Labourer	2
Brick Maker, Dealer	2,347
Railway Labourer	1,032
Platelayer	201
Excavator, Navvy	511
Road Contractor, &c.	31
Road Labourer	219
Scavenger	24
Dust Collector	19
Others	970
(4) In Earthenware	323
Earthenware manuf.	134
Tobacco-pipe Makers	112
Earthenw., Glass, Dealer	71
Others	6
(5) In Glass	24
Glass manufacture	19
Other Workers in Glass	5
(6) In Salt	2
Salt manufacture	0
Other Dealers in Salt	2
(7) In Water	82
Waterworks Service	56
Others	26
(8) In Gold, Silver, and Precious Stones	157
Goldsmith, Jeweller	114
Plater, Plated Wareman	3
Others	40
(9) In Copper	121
Copper manufacture	8
Coppersmith	111
Others	2
(10) In Tin and Quicksilver	241
Tin manufacture	0
Tinman, Tinker	164
Tinplate Worker	76
Others	1
(11) In Zinc	23
Zinc manufacture	23
Others	0
(12) In Lead and Antimony	13
Lead manufacture	2
Typefounder	6
Others	5
(13) In Brass and other mixed Metals	614
Brass Founder, manuf.	270
Brazier	64
Locksmith, Bellhanger	26
Gasfitter	142
Wire Maker, Drawer	9
Wire Worker, Weaver	47
Others	56
(14) In Iron and Steel	5,100
Iron manufacture	570
Whitesmith	238
Blacksmith	3,322
Nail manufacture	7
Anchor, Chain,--Smith	2
Boiler-maker	621
Ironmonger	272
Hardwareman, Dealer	15
Steel manufacture	1
Grinder (branch undef.)	6
Others	46
16. Labourers and others - Branch of Labour undefined	12,386
(1) General Labourers	11,617
Labourer	11,617
(2) Other Persons of indefinite Occupations	769
Mechanic	34
Shopman	41
Apprentice	6
Others of indef. occu.	688
17. Persons of Rank or Property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	1,243
(1) Persons of Rank or property, not returned under any Office or Occupation	1,243
Gentleman	541
Annuitant	702
18. Persons supported by the Community and of no specified Occupation	708
(1) On Income from voluntary Sources and Rates	636
Dependent on Relatives	25
Almserperson, no stat. occ.	48
Pauper, no stated occ.	247
Lunatic, no stated occ.	81
Others	235
(2) Prisoners and others of Criminal Class	19
Prisoner, no stated occ.	19
(3) Vagrants and Gipsies	53
Vagrant, Beggar	52
Gipsy	1
19. Persons of no stated Rank, Profession, or Occupation	1,813
Visitor, no stated occ.	144
Others of no stated occupation or condition	1,669

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Comments:

1	Note that the original table is organised into the Orders and sub-Orders listed here, but provides counts only for the individual occupations.

This website does not try to provide an exact replica of the original printed census tables, which often had thousands of rows and far more columns than will fit on our web pages. Instead, we let you drill down from national totals to the most detailed data available. The column headings are those that appeared in the original printed report. The numbers presented here, which are the same ones we use to create statistical maps and graphs, come from the census table and have usually been carefully checked.

The system can only hold statistics for units listed in our administrative gazetteer, so some rows from the original table may be missing. Sometimes big low-level units, like urban parishes, were divided between more than one higher-level units, like Registration sub-Districts. This is why some pages will give a higher figure for a lower-level unit: it covers the whole of the lower-level unit, not just the part within the current higher-level unit.

Acknowledgments:

We are grateful to the following contributors. If you make use of the data in your own work, please follow any instructions given here on acknowledgment and re-use.

David Allan Gatley (School of Social Sciences, University of Staffordshire). Role: transcriber. Restrictions on use: the contributor must be acknowledged but the data may be freely used for non-commercial purposes.