Title and Contents Pages
Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. LONDON: 1873. [C.—872.—I.] Price
4s.
8d.
CENSUS OF ENGLAND AND WALES.
FOR THE YEAR 1871.
GENERAL REPORT.
VOL. IV.
PRINTED BY GEORGE EDWARD EYRE AND WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE.
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
REPORT.
Page
INTRODUCTION:
An Imperial Census
vii
Population of the Empire
vii
Growth of the Empire
viii
The United Kingdom
ix
Territorial Divisions of the Kingdom
ix
ENGLAND AND WALES.
The Enumeration of 1871
x
Defects of the Census
x
English People Abroad
x
Population in 1871
x
I.—POPULATION.
1.
Sex and Age of the Population
x
Numbers of the Sexes at certain Age-periods
x
Centenarians
x
Erroneous statements of Age corrected
xi
Age-periods
xi
Infants and Adults
xii
Varro's Stages of Life
xii
The School Age
xii
The Recruiting Age
xii
Survivors of previous Censuses
xii
Factors of Population
xii
2.
Mean Age of the Population
xii
3.
Successive Numbers in a Generation enumerated
xiii
Decrements of the English Population
xiv
4.
Probable Number of People living in 1881
xiv
5.
Actual Increase of Population
xv
6.
Possible Increase or Decrease of Population
xv
Movement of Population
xv
Deaths
xv
Births
xv
Women of Child-bearing Ages
xv
Over Population
xvi
French and English Birth Rates
xvi
Malthus's Doctrine
xvi
7.
Conjugal Condition of the Population
xvii
Age at Marriage
xvii
Mean Age at Marriage in England
xvii
Mean Age at Marriage in France (1866)
xvii
Duration of Married Life
xviii
Marriages Dissolved
xviii
Effect of any great alteration in the Age of Marriage
xix
Married Couples in 1871
xix
Conjugal Condition of the French Population (1866)
xix
Conjugal Condition of the English Population (1871)
xix
Disparities of Age at Marriage
xx
Modes of Marriage
xx
8.
Families
xx
Definition of "Family"
xx
Composition of Families
xxi
Families to a House
xxi
Persons to a Family
xxi
9.
Migration.—Birthplaces of the People
xxi
Migration
xxi
Birthplace
xxii
Persons born out of England
xxii
Foreigners
xxii
Immigration
xxii
Birthplaces of the Inhabitants of London
xxii
Birthplaces of the Inhabitants of Lancashire and Cheshire
xxiii
10.
Balance of the Population
xxiii
Population Registers
xxiii
Exceptional Increase of Population 1861-71
xxiii
Emigrants and Immigrants
xxiii
Balance Sheets of the Population
xxiv
Balance of the Population 1851-61
xxiv
Balance of the Population 1861-71
xxiv
Emigrants to America
xxv
11.
Density of Population
xxv
Distribution of Population
xxv
Population in 1600
xxv
Density in Divisions and Counties
xxvi
Area, Population, and Density in the Eleven Divisions, in 1600, 1700, 1801, 1871
xxvi
Culture of Herefordshire and Lincolnshire
xxvii
12.
Proximity of Population
xxviii
Nearness of People to each other
xxviii
Mean Distance from House to House
xxviii
II.—TERRITORIAL SUB-DIVISIONS.
1.
Houses
xxix
Classification of Structures
xxix
Census definition of a "House"
xxix
Inhabited Houses
xxix
Annual Value of Houses
xxix
Aggregate Value of Houses
xxx
Houses "building"
xxx
Houses decaying
xxx
2.
Cities and Towns
xxxi
Rise of Towns and Cities
xxxi
Town Administration
xxxi
Increase of Town Populations
xxxi
Largest Cities and Towns
xxxii
Smaller Towns
xxxii
Urban and Rural Population
xxxii
Area of Towns
xxxii
Unoccupied Area in Towns
xxxii
3.
Municipal Boroughs
xxxiii
4.
Parliamentary Boroughs
xxxiii
5.
Towns in Two Counties
xxxiii
6.
Cities and Towns which are Counties of themselves
xxxiii
7.
Six Classes of Towns
xxxiv
The Metropolis
xxxiv
County and Assize Towns
xxxiv
Watering Places
xxxiv
Seaports
xxxiv
Manufacturing Towns: Textile Fabrics
xxxiv
Manufacturing Towns: Minerals and Chemicals
xxxiv
8.
Counties
xxxiv
Original Constitution of Counties
xxxiv
Variable Size of Counties
xxxv
Alteration of County Boundaries
xxxvi
9.
Parliamentary Divisions of Counties
xxxvi
Territorial Sub-divisions of Counties
xxxviii
10.
Union or Registration Counties
xxxvii
Formation of Union Counties in 1834
xxxvii
Registration Counties
xxxvii
Differences between Registration Counties and Counties Proper
xxxvii
11.
The Eleven Divisions of England and Wales
xxxviii
III.—OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE.
1.
Classification of Occupations
xxxviii
Inquiry in 1801
xxxviii
Inquiries in 1811-21-31
xxxix
Inquiry in 1841
xxxix
Extension of Inquiries in 1851-61-71
xxxix
Methods of Classification
xxxix
Occupation Returns in France
xxxix
Classification of 1871
xl
2.
The Classes, Orders, and Sub-Orders of the Abstracts
xl
I.
Professional Class
xl
The Army
xl
Conjugal Condition of the Army and Navy
xl
II.
Domestic Class
xli
Wives
xli
Occupations of Women in 1851 and 1871
xli
Domestic Servants
xlii
III.
Commercial Class
xliii
IV.
Agricultural Class
xliii
Farmers
xliv
Agricultural Labourers
xliv
Farmers, Size of their Farms, and Labourers employed, in 17 Counties
xliv-xiviii
Density of Live Stock and of Population
xlix
V.
Industrial Class
xlix
Factory Returns and the Census Returns
li
Miners
lii
VI.
Indefinite and Non-Productive Class
liii
Children, Scholars
liv
IV.—THE BLIND, DEAF AND DUMB, IDIOTS OR IMBECILES, LUNATICS, AND INMATES OF HOSPITALS, WORKHOUSES, AND PRISONS.
1.
The Blind
liv
Number of the Blind
liv
Distribution of the Blind
lv
Sexes of the Blind
lv
Ages of the Blind
lvi
The Blind from Birth
lvi
Causes of Blindness
lvii
Occupations of the Blind
lvii
Institutions for the Blind
lviii
The Blind in Workhouses, Hospitals, &c.
lix
2.
The Deaf-and-Dumb
lix
Number of the Deaf-and-Dumb
lix
Distribution of Deaf-Mutes
lx
Ages of the Deaf-and-Dumb
lx
Occupations of the Deaf-and-Dumb
lx
Institutions for the Deaf-and-Dumb
lxi
Congenital Deafness
lxii
Deaf-Mutes in Workhouses
lxiii
Deaf-and-Dumb and Blind
lxiii
3.
Idiots or Imbeciles
lxiii
Number of Idiots or Imbeciles
lxiii
Institutions for Idiots
lxiii
Ages of Idiots and Imbeciles
lxiv
Causes of Idiocy
lxiv
4.
Lunatics
lxiv
Number of the Insane
lxiv
Supposed Increase in Insanity not established
lxv
Official Return of Insane Paupers
lxv
Return of Commissioners in Lunacy
lxv
Local Distribution of the Insane
lxvi
Sex and Ages of the Insane
lxvi
Insanity not the result of Civilization
lxvii
Some of the Causes of Insanity
lxvii
Numbers and Proportions of the Blind, Deaf-and-Dumb, Idiots or Imbeciles, and Lunatics—at different Ages
lxvii
5.
Patients in Hospitals
lxviii
Hospital accommodation
lxviii
Number of In-Patients
lxviii
Ages of the Sick in Hospitals
lxviii
6.
Paupers in Workhouses
lxviii
Extent of provision for the Poor
lxviii
Number of In-door Paupers
lxix
Ages of In-door Paupers
lxix
Official Return of Paupers and of Expenditure in Poor Relief
lxix
7.
Prisoners
lxx
Number of Persons confined in Prisons
lxx
Reformatory Schools
lxx
Industrial Schools
lxxi
The Criminal Classes
lxxi
TERRITORIAL SUB-DIVISIONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM.
Confusion of Territorial Sub-divisions
lxxi
Territorial Sub-divisions of India
lxxi
THE UNITED KINGDOM.
Population in 1871
lxxii
Disparity of the Sexes
lxxii
Persons to a House
lxxii
Increase of Population
lxxii
Increase of Geometrical Ratio
lxxiii
Density of Population
lxxiii
ISLANDS IN THE BRITISH SEAS.
Isle of Man
lxxiv
Island of Jersey
lxxiv
Guernsey and Adjacent Islands
lxxiv
Islands in British Seas
lxxiv
Excess of Women
lxxv
Civil condition of Women
lxxv
Occupations
lxxv
Birthplaces
lxxv
Blind, Deaf-and-Dumb, Insane, &c.
lxxv
COLONIES AND DEPENDENCIES.
Colonial Censuses
lxxvi
Heligoland, Gibraltar, Malta
lxxvi
North America: Canada
lxxvi
West Indies and Central America
lxxvii
Africa
lxxvii
India
lxxviii
Indian Villages and Cities
lxxviii
Density of Population in India
lxxix
Ceylon and Straits Settlements
lxxx
Australasia
lxxx
Western Australia
lxxx
Victoria
lxxx
New South Wales
lxxx
Queensland
lxxxi
Van Dieman's Land
lxxxi
New Zealand
lxxxi
THE BRITISH EMPIRE.
Area of the Empire
lxxxi
Density of Population
lxxxi
Tabular Statement of Area, Houses, Population, and Density of Population
lxxxii
CONCLUSION.
Acknowledgment of Assistance rendered by various Public Departments, &c.
lxxxiii
The Census Office Staff
lxxxiii
APPENDIX.
Table of Contents
lxxxv